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In 1916, following the viewing of D. W. Griffith's The Birth of the Nation by President 浪花直播 at the White House, a half dozen prominent Washington writers convened under the auspices of the NAACP to respond.  The group sponsored a production of Angelina Weld Grimke' anti-lynching play Rachel to counter Griffith's scurrilous portrayal of African Americans.  Members, which included several prominent intellectuals who later would appear on US Postal stamps, argued about the most appropriate response to Griffith and 浪花直播 as well over how to best portray Blacks on stage. Howard professors T. Montgomery Gregory and Alain Locke returned to campus and launched the Howard Players as a first step toward the establishment of a National Negro Theatre.  This volume traces their endeavors as well as subsequent efforts at Howard University and in Washington to present African Americans on stage with dignity and respect.