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59.1906 100.375 59.952 100.375 c 60.535 100.375 61.306 100.5535 61.306 101.278 c 61.306 102.077 60.3378 102.1335 59.7547 102.284 c 58.805 102.5195 57.5074 102.952 57.5074 104.155 c 57.5074 105.707 58.9366 106.3935 60.3282 106.3935 c 61.6447 106.3935 62.6695 105.6785 62.6695 104.3155 c f 66.3837 102.528 m 66.3741 102.914 66.2144 103.3845 65.6691 103.3845 c 65.0672 103.3845 65.0577 102.256 65.0389 101.8895 c 65.0765 101.457 65.0861 100.2625 65.6879 100.2625 c 66.2333 100.2625 66.3929 100.7985 66.4024 101.1835 c 67.7753 101.1835 l 67.7283 99.9805 66.9855 99.322 65.6879 99.322 c 64.2867 99.322 63.5816 100.573 63.5816 101.823 c 63.5816 103.074 64.2867 104.324 65.6879 104.324 c 66.8915 104.324 67.7848 103.6385 67.7753 102.528 c f 68.5934 99.464 m 68.5934 106.252 l 69.9948 106.252 l 69.9948 103.629 l 70.0133 103.6105 l 70.3043 104.043 70.7467 104.324 71.4615 104.324 c 71.9313 104.324 72.8434 103.9765 73.0123 103.29 c 73.0875 102.999 73.107 102.698 73.107 102.538 c 73.107 99.464 l 71.6959 99.464 l 71.6959 102.3025 l 71.6871 102.8105 71.5455 103.3845 70.8502 103.3845 c 70.4078 103.3845 70.023 102.989 70.0035 102.3025 c 70.0035 99.464 l f 79.059 101.823 m 79.059 103.3095 78.1375 104.324 76.5955 104.324 c 75.0535 104.324 74.1315 103.3095 74.1315 101.823 c 74.1315 100.338 75.0535 99.322 76.5955 99.322 c 78.1375 99.322 79.059 100.338 79.059 101.823 c h 75.5895 101.823 m 75.5895 102.575 75.73 103.3845 76.5955 103.3845 c 77.4605 103.3845 77.601 102.575 77.601 101.823 c 77.601 101.071 77.4605 100.2625 76.5955 100.2625 c 75.73 100.2625 75.5895 101.071 75.5895 101.823 c f 80.065 99.464 1.41 6.788 re f 84.033 102.8485 m 84.0145 103.0645 84.1735 103.5255 84.6625 103.5255 c 85.1605 103.5255 85.312 103.1395 85.312 102.9425 c 85.312 102.5 l 84.7475 102.5195 84.033 102.491 83.4685 102.247 c 82.613 101.88 82.4625 101.081 82.4625 100.752 c 82.4625 99.83 83.1205 99.322 84.0045 99.322 c 84.644 99.322 85.1335 99.548 85.4525 100.0935 c 85.4715 100.0935 l 85.4715 99.8955 85.49 99.6795 85.518 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99.755 91.235 100.836 c 92.5425 100.836 l 92.571 100.4695 92.9 100.2625 93.313 100.2625 c 93.699 100.2625 93.991 100.423 93.991 100.789 c 93.991 101.165 93.313 101.325 93.032 101.3915 c 92.1285 101.6075 91.2915 101.8045 91.2915 102.904 c 91.2915 103.8915 92.486 104.324 93.313 104.324 c 94.31 104.324 95.157 103.9675 95.2225 102.9235 c f 29.9506 130.3368 77.0365 0.6533 re f 82.7525 165.705 m 82.2075 165.4257 81.8045 165.015 81.1765 163.5487 c 72.7066 143.5976 l 72.7066 143.5634 l 72.6998 143.5805 l 72.692 143.5634 l 72.692 143.5976 l 68.5345 153.3915 l 64.3771 143.5976 l 64.3771 143.5634 l 64.3698 143.5805 l 64.3626 143.5634 l 64.3626 143.5976 l 55.8937 163.5487 l 55.265 165.015 54.8612 165.4257 54.3165 165.705 c 48.106 165.705 l 48.1066 164.8891 l 49.1488 164.4364 50.004 164.0287 51.0907 161.4921 c 51.1856 161.411 l 63.5612 134.8637 l 68.5631 145.3466 l 73.5563 134.8637 l 85.932 161.411 l 86.027 161.4921 l 87.114 164.0287 87.9705 164.4364 89.0125 164.8891 c 89.0125 165.705 l f 66.756 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Security in Haiti: Can)Tj 0 -1.1 TD (the International Community Make a)Tj T* 0 Tw [(Differe)-1(n)-1(c)-1(e)-1(?)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F0 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 162 608.7039 Tm /CS0 cs 1 scn 0.03 Tc 0.03 Tw (By Elizabeth Bryan with Cynthia J. Arnson, Jos\216 Ra\234l Perales, and )Tj 0 -1.4 TD (Johanna Mendelson Forman)Tj ET 0.3 scn -10 738.237 629 22.264 re f Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F2 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 21.2908 744.5738 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.259 Tc 0.037 Tw [(W)12(OODROW WILSON CENTER UPD)25(A)74(TE ON THE AMERICAS)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 161 45.003 414 485.169 re f Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 50.613 0 0 50.613 162 495.1075 Tm /CS0 cs 1 scn (I)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 178.75 522.1075 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.0096 Tc (n)Tj 0.92502 0 Td 0.01 Tc 0.107 Tw [(F)20(ebr)-25(uar)-29(y 2004,)-395(Haitian Pr)20(esident J)29(ean-)]TJ -0.92502 -1.28571 TD -0.01 Tc -0.004 Tw [(Ber)-25(trand Ar)-44(istide w)29(as for)20(ced fr)29(om office fol-)]TJ T* -0.003 Tc 0.063 Tw [(lo)39(wing widespr)20(ead pr)29(otests against his go)40(v-)]TJ -1.59524 -1.28571 TD -0.01 Tc -0.022 Tw [(er)-39(nment and amidst spiraling violence and insur-)]TJ T* 0.033 Tw [(gency thr)29(oughout the countr)-29(y)118(.)-252(An inter)-44(im tran-)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.229 Tw [(sitional go)39(v)40(er)-39(nment w)29(as quickly estab)15(lished,)]TJ T* -0.01 Tc -0.013 Tw [(with the goal of w)39(orking to o)40(v)39(er)19(come the coun-)]TJ T* -0.001 Tw [(tr)-30<79D5>98(s shar)-39(p political di)20(visions and pr)20(epar)19(e for ne)20(w)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.086 Tw [(pr)20(esidential elections.)-325(But violence contin)14(ued)]TJ T* 0.295 Tw [(unabated,)-583(pr)30(oduct of the deep polar)-44(ization)]TJ T* -0.009 Tc 0.068 Tw [(betw)39(een Ar)-44(istide suppor)-25(ter)-19(s,)-338(opposition par)-25(ties,)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.213 Tw [(c)1(i)20(vil society g)-29(r)30(oups,)-501(and ar)-44(med militias and)]TJ T* -0.01 Tc 0 Tw (gangs.)Tj 2.56349 0 TD -0.013 Tw [(At the r)20(equest of the inter)-44(im Haitian go)39(v-)]TJ -2.56349 -1.28572 TD 0.005 Tc 0 Tw (er)Tj 0.82105 0 TD 0.006 Tc 0.054 Tw [(nment and the United Nations,)-337(t)1(r)30(oops fr)29(om)]TJ -0.82105 -1.28572 TD 0.01 Tc 0.079 Tw [(the United States,)-367(Canada,)-366(France)29(,)-366(and Chile)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD -0.01 Tc -0.007 Tw [(landed in Haiti to help r)20(estor)19(e or)20(der pending the)]TJ T* -0.006 Tc 0.066 Tw [(estab)15(lishment of a for)-44(mal peacek)29(eeping mission)]TJ T* -0.007 Tc [(under UN auspices.)-259(The UN Secur)-44(ity Council)]TJ T* 0.004 Tc 0 Tw (author)Tj 2.64935 0.00001 TD 0.003 Tc 0.056 Tw (ized the cr)Tj 4.30173 0.00001 TD 0.004 Tc (eation of the United Nations)Tj -6.95109 -1.28573 TD -0.01 Tc 0.06 Tw (Stabilization Mission in Haiti \(MINUST)Tj 15.92221 0.00001 TD (AH\) in)Tj -15.92221 -1.28572 TD 0.003 Tc 0 Tw (Apr)Tj 1.56224 0.00001 TD 0.057 Tw (il 2004,)Tj 3.41492 0.00001 TD (with a br)Tj 3.70741 0.00001 TD (oad mandate to assist the)Tj -8.68457 -1.28573 TD 0.01 Tc 0.068 Tw (transitional go)Tj 5.77702 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (v)Tj 0.44926 0.00001 TD 0.01 Tc 0 Tw (er)Tj 0.82942 0.00001 TD 0.068 Tw [(nment in ensur)-44(ing \322a secur)19(e)]TJ -7.05569 -1.28573 TD 0.403 Tw (and stab)Tj 3.65146 0.00001 TD (le en)Tj 2.32786 0.00001 TD 0.009 Tc 0 Tw (vir)Tj 1.07115 0.00001 TD 0.01 Tc 0.403 Tw [(onment,)127-592(r)20(estr)-24(uctur)-44(ing and)]TJ -7.05047 -1.28573 TD 0 Tc (r)Tj 0.30319 0.00001 TD -0.01 Tc 0 Tw (efor)Tj 1.56751 0.00001 TD 0.042 Tw [(ming the Haitian National P)49(olice)30(,)-310(demobi-)]TJ -1.8707 -1.28573 TD -0.001 Tc 0.06 Tw (lizing ar)Tj 3.25926 0.00001 TD (med g)Tj 2.56266 0.00001 TD [(r)30(oups,)-338(and foster)-44(ing institutional)]TJ -5.82191 -1.28573 TD -0.01 Tc 0 Tw (de)Tj 0.89862 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (v)Tj 0.42967 0.00001 TD -0.01 Tc 0.027 Tw [(elopment as w)39(ell as a pr)30(ocess of national dia-)]TJ -1.32829 -1.28573 TD 0 Tw (lo)Tj 0.72162 0.00001 TD (gue and r)Tj 3.62548 0.00001 TD (econciliation.)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 6.825 0 0 6.825 262.3012 174.5725 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (1)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 174.024 157.6075 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.004 Tc (MINUST)Tj 3.97108 0.00001 TD 0.066 Tw (AH is b)Tj 3.2294 0.00001 TD (ut the latest manifestation)Tj -8.34562 -1.28573 TD 0 Tc 0.015 Tw (of a pr)Tj 2.57699 0.00001 TD (olonged effor)Tj 5.36101 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (t)Tj 0.58488 0 Td 0 Tc [(b)25(y the inter)-40(national com-)]TJ -8.52289 -1.28573 TD (m)Tj 0.78113 0.00001 TD 0.004 Tc 0.065 Tw (unity to assist the Haitian go)Tj 11.68411 0.00001 TD [(v)40(er)-40(nment o)39(v)40(er-)]TJ -12.46525 -1.28573 TD 0.01 Tc 0.059 Tw (come chr)Tj 3.84886 0.00001 TD [(onic pr)29(ob)15(lems of instability)118(,)-348(political)]TJ -3.84886 -1.28572 TD 0.019 Tc 0 Tw (violence)Tj 3.45048 0.00001 TD 0.02 Tc 0.186 Tw [(,)-483(and w)40(eak democratic go)39(v)40(e)1(r)-39(nance)30(.)]TJ -3.45048 -1.28572 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (Beg)Tj 1.57105 0.00001 TD 0.051 Tw [(inning with a UN effor)-24(t in 1990 to moni)-1(-)]TJ -1.57105 -1.28572 TD 0.016 Tc 0.053 Tw (tor pr)Tj 2.38681 0.00001 TD [(esidential elections,)-347(a v)39(er)-45(itab)15(le alphabet)]TJ -2.38681 -1.28572 TD 0.015 Tc 0.054 Tw (soup of 18 missions sponsor)Tj 11.59863 0.00001 TD [(ed b)25(y the United)]TJ -11.59863 -1.28572 TD 0.02 Tc 0.192 Tw (Nations and the Organization of )Tj 14.73776 0.00001 TD 0.019 Tc 0 Tw [(Amer)-44(ican)]TJ 5.73843 45 TD 0.02 Tc 0.11 Tw [(States has attempted to pr)30(otect and monitor)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc -0.033 Tw [(human r)-44(ights,)-245(o)39(v)40(er)-20(see police)29(,)-244(militar)-30(y)118(,)-245(and judi-)]TJ T* 0.014 Tc 0.056 Tw [(cial r)20(efor)-44(m)1(,)-347(p)1(r)30(o)40(vide secur)-44(ity)117(,)-346(and suppor)-25(t the)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.051 Tw [(estab)15(lishment of functioning go)39(v)40(er)-40(nment insti-)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0 Tw (tutions.)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 6.825 0 0 6.825 409.8129 471.5725 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (2)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 421.9624 468.1075 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.02 Tc 0.558 Tw [(The nations of the Car)-44(ibbean)]TJ -4.28213 -1.28571 TD 0.019 Tc 0.058 Tw [(C)-1(o)-1(m)-1(m)14(unity \(C)10(ARICOM\) ha)29(v)39(e)-1( )-1(b)-1(e)-1(e)-1(n)-1( )-1(d)-1(e)-1(e)-1(p)-1(l)-1(y)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.233 Tw [(i)1(n)40(v)40(o)1(l)1(v)40(ed in diplomatic effor)-24(t)1(s)1( )1(t)1(o)1( )1(o)40(v)40(e)1(r)20(come)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.01 Tw [(Haiti\325)98(s deep political di)20(visions,)-288(and inter)-39(nation-)]TJ T* 0.048 Tw [(al financial institutions such as the )29(W)128(orld Bank)]TJ T* 0.054 Tw [(and Inter-Amer)-44(ican De)20(v)39(elopment Bank,)-332(along)]TJ T* 0.002 Tc 0.068 Tw [(with indi)20(vidual go)39(v)39(er)-39(nment donor)-19(s)1(,)-347(ha)29(v)40(e pr)29(o)1(-)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(vided billions of dollar)-20(s in for)20(eign assistance)29(.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.033 Tw (Such effor)Tj 4.12779 0 TD [(ts ha)29(v)40(e unfolded\321at times,)-311(cr)-44(itics)]TJ -5.27294 -1.28572 TD 0 Tw (sa)Tj 0.66821 0 TD 0.023 Tw [(y)118(,)-301(with a lack of coor)20(dination and insufficient)]TJ -0.66821 -1.28572 TD 0.02 Tc 0.102 Tw [(consultation with a br)30(oad range of actor)-20(s)1( )1(i)1(n)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.003 Tc 0.066 Tw [(Haitian society\321against the backdr)29(op of what)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.083 Tw [(man)20(y ha)29(v)40(e labeled a f)-24(ailed or f)-25(ailing state in)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.041 Tw [(Haiti.)-159(The countr)-29(y is the poor)20(est in the )29(W)128(ester)-40(n)]TJ T* 0.014 Tc 0 Tw (hemispher)Tj 4.21508 0.00001 TD (e:)Tj 0.97592 0.00001 TD (accor)Tj 2.15606 0.00001 TD 0.055 Tw (ding to the United Nations)Tj -7.34706 -1.28573 TD 0.019 Tc 0 Tw (De)Tj 1.21717 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (v)Tj 0.45905 0.00001 TD 0.02 Tc 0.154 Tw (elopment Pr)Tj 5.25513 0.00001 TD 0.019 Tc [(o)19(g)-30(ram (UNDP),)-451(mor)20(e)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(a)-1(n)]TJ -6.93135 -1.28573 TD 0.02 Tc 0.148 Tw (eighty per)Tj 4.32162 0.00001 TD 0.019 Tc (cent of Haiti\325)Tj 5.7571 0.00001 TD 0.0195 Tc (s)Tj 0.76715 0 Td 0.02 Tc (population li)Tj 5.43215 0.00001 TD 0.019 Tc [(v)39(es in)]TJ -16.27803 -1.28573 TD 0.02 Tc 0 Tw (po)Tj 1.02089 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (v)Tj 0.45905 0.00001 TD 0.019 Tc (er)Tj 0.83436 0.00001 TD 0.02 Tc 0.077 Tw [(ty)118(,)-375(and a combinat)1(i)-1(on of )1(q)-1(uality of life)]TJ -2.3143 -1.28573 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (indicator)Tj 3.52856 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(er)Tj 0.83159 0 TD 0.054 Tw [(nment,)-342(poor de)19(v)40(elopment decisions,)-343(uncheck)30(ed)]TJ -0.83159 -1.28572 TD 0.015 Tc 0.068 Tw [(population g)-29(r)30(o)39(wth,)-361(and disease thw)30(a)1(r)-24(ted the best)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD -0.005 Tc 0.057 Tw [(intentions of donor)-20(s,)-330(both bilateral and m)15(ultilateral,)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(to r)-44(ight the wr)29(ongs of Haitian leader)-19(s,)-274(she argued.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.0089 Tc (A)Tj 1.0332 0 Td 0.009 Tc 0.06 Tw [(second pr)29(ob)15(lem,)-347(she said,)-348(w)30(as that Haiti w)29(as)]TJ -2.17835 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc -0.007 Tw [(not an example of a post-conflict state)29(,)-270(lik)30(e so man)19(y)]TJ T* -0.023 Tw [(other cases that confr)29(onted the w)40(orld comm)15(unity in)]TJ T* -0.014 Tw [(the w)29(ak)30(e of the Cold )30(W)127(ar)39(.)-185(While ther)19(e w)30(as conflict,)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.06 Tw [(violence)29(,)-347(and the disr)-24(uption of democratic r)-25(ule\321)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.039 Tw [(demonstrated b)25(y the coup that o)39(v)39(er)-24(thr)19(e)20(w the fr)20(eely-)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.099 Tw [(elected go)39(v)40(e)1(r)-38(nment of J)29(e)1(a)1(n)1( )1(B)1(e)1(r)-23(trand A)1(r)-44(i)1(s)1(t)1(i)1(d)1(e)1( )1(i)1(n)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.034 Tw [(1991\321Haiti appear)20(ed mor)19(e appr)30(opr)-44(iate as a case for)]TJ T* 0.016 Tw [(the Organization of Amer)-44(ican States to consider)-25(;)-195(in)]TJ T* 0.016 Tc 0.053 Tw [(1991 the O)39(AS declar)20(ed disr)-25(uptions of the demo-)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.024 Tw [(cratic pr)29(ocess as cause for r)20(eg)-29(ional inter)-25(v)40(ention.)-176(The)]TJ T* 0.013 Tw [(contin)15(ued deter)-44(ioration of human r)-44(ights conditions)]TJ T* -0.041 Tw [(in Haiti,)-237(the ongoing actions of death squads,)-237(and an)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.123 Tw [(O)40(AS-imposed embargo became sour)19(c)1(e)1(s)1( )1(o)1(f)1( )1(g)-28(r)21(eat)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.008 Tw [(human suffer)-44(ing and sent out an alar)-44(m that a str)29(ong)]TJ 22.19048 61.71428 TD -0.005 Tw [(inter)-39(national r)20(esponse to illeg)-30(itimate r)-24(ule w)29(as need-)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0 Tw [(ed,)-278(Mendelson F)20(or)-44(man asser)-25(ted.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.0032 Tc (I)Tj 0.33617 -0.00001 TD (n)Tj 0.86663 0 Td 0.003 Tc 0.061 Tw [(1994,)-343(a U)79(.S)39(.-led m)15(ulti-national for)20(ce)29(,)-343(ag)-29(r)20(eed)]TJ -2.34794 -1.28571 TD 0.0146 Tc (to)Tj 1.19246 0 Td 0.015 Tc 0.058 Tw [(b)25(y the UN Secur)-45(ity Council,)-350(enter)20(ed Haiti to)]TJ -1.19246 -1.28571 TD -0.005 Tc 0.056 Tw [(pr)29(otect its citizens and to r)20(estor)20(e leg)-30(itimate go)40(v)39(er)-39(n-)]TJ T* -0.016 Tw [(ment.)-178(The ar)-40(r)-43(i)20(v)29(al of mor)20(e than 25,000 tr)29(oops,)-257(most-)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.079 Tw [(ly U)79(.)1(S)40(.)1(,)-372(b)15(ut also)1( )-1(t)1(h)-1(ose of other par)-24(ticipating UN)]TJ T* 0.051 Tw [(states,)-344(mark)30(ed a shift in the w)29(a)30(y the inter)-39(national)]TJ T* 0.05 Tw [(comm)15(unity w)39(ould manage situations in countr)-44(i)1(e)1(s)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc -0.013 Tw [(no)39(w deemed \322f)-24(ailed states.)127-132(The extent to which the)]TJ T* 0.007 Tc 0.057 Tw [(inter)-39(national comm)15(unity has the leg)-30(itimacy under)]TJ T* 0.006 Tc 0.058 Tw [(inter)-39(n)-1(a)-1(t)-1(i)-1(o)-1(n)-1(a)-1(l)-1( )-1(l)-1(a)28(w to engage in Haiti is often ques-)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc -0.017 Tw [(tioned,)-256(she noted,)-256(g)-29(i)20(v)39(en that Haiti is not a post-con-)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.135 Tw [(flict state)29(,)-426(b)15(ut a \322)1(f)-24(ailed state in r)20(eco)39(v)40(e)1(r)-29(y mode)30(.)128]TJ T* -0.005 Tc -0.022 Tw [(Ho)39(w)40(e)19(v)40(er)39(,)-251(she str)19(essed that the inter)-39(national comm)15(u-)]TJ T* -0.002 Tc 0.066 Tw [(nity does ha)29(v)40(e a r)29(ole to pla)30(y in pr)29(omoting stability)118(,)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0 Tw [(sound go)39(v)40(er)-40(nance)30(,)-273(and economic pr)30(osper)-45(i)1(ty)117(.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD -0.0002 Tc (A)Tj 0.93066 0 Td 0 Tc -0.024 Tw [(thir)20(d pr)29(ob)15(lem is that Haiti has been lock)29(ed in a)]TJ -2.0758 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.282 Tw [(long and confr)30(ontational r)19(elationship with the)]TJ T* 0.208 Tw [(Dominican )-1(Repub)15(l)1(i)1(c)30(,)-505(w)1(i)1(t)1(h)1( w)1(h)1(i)1(c)1(h)1( i)1(t)1( s)1(h)1(a)1(r)21(es )-2(the)]TJ T* 0.018 Tc 0.051 Tw [(island of Hispaniola.)-269(The tensions ha)30(v)39(e pr)29(oduced)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.067 Tw [(cr)29(oss-bor)20(der skir)-44(mishes and,)-345(in 1937,)-345(violence that)]TJ T* 0.008 Tw [(ended in a massacr)20(e of some 20,000 Haitians b)24(y the)]TJ T* -0.011 Tw [(Dominican ar)-44(m)29(y)118(.)-187(This violence against Haitians and)]TJ T* 0.05 Tw [(the policy of Pr)20(esident Raf)-25(ael )30(T)98(r)-24(ujillo (1930-1961))]TJ T* 0.032 Tw [(of \322Dominicanization\323)-212(of the bor)20(der only added to)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.054 Tw [(the tensions betw)39(een the tw)39(o countr)-44(ies.)-298(In 1994,)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.514 Tw [(r)20(elations betw)40(een Haiti and the Dominican)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw (Repub)Tj 2.74585 0 TD 0.018 Tw (lic w)Tj 1.92348 0 TD [(er)20(e still tense dur)-45(ing the fir)-19(st UN inter-)]TJ -4.66932 -1.28572 TD (v)Tj 0.44362 0 TD 0.004 Tc 0.065 Tw [(ention.)-298(Conditions for an island-wide solution to)]TJ -0.44362 -1.28572 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (the ongoing Haitian disor)Tj 10.17822 0 TD [(der w)39(er)20(e not r)-44(ipe)29(.)]TJ -9.03308 -1.28572 TD 0.064 Tw [(Mendelson F)20(or)-44(man argued that finding r)19(eal and)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD -0.01 Tw [(endur)-44(ing solutions to Haiti\325)98(s pr)29(ob)15(lems will r)20(equir)20(e a)]TJ T* 0.053 Tw [(ne)20(w set of ideas,)-331(diplomacy that engages an island-)]TJ T* 0.014 Tc 0.055 Tw [(wide appr)29(oach to solving the economic pr)30(ob)15(lems)]TJ T* 0.006 Tc 0.063 Tw [(that Haiti f)-24(aces,)-348(and a str)30(ong long-ter)-44(m economic)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.066 Tw [(i)1(n)40(v)40(o)1(l)1(v)40(ement of the m)15(ultinational finance institu-)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.035 Tw [(tions that hold the k)29(e)20(y to r)20(esour)20(ces that ar)19(e needed)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.052 Tw [(to help b)15(uild a local and decentralized economic)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.024 Tw [(system.)-253(Ho)39(w)40(e)19(v)40(er)39(,)-302(she noted,)-302(in the v)30(acuum cr)19(eated)]TJ T* 0.002 Tw [(b)25(y the w)29(ar in Iraq,)-280(the United States has been mor)20(e)]TJ T* 0.017 Tc 0.052 Tw [(disengaged than e)20(v)39(er in w)39(orking out solutions to)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.119 Tw [(this long-standing pr)30(ob)14(lem of de)20(v)40(elopment.)-367(She)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.051 Tw [(noted the impor)-24(tant r)29(ole that nations of this hemi-)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.05 Tw [(spher)20(e w)39(er)19(e pla)30(ying to suppor)-25(t the r)20(estoration of)]TJ T* 0.008 Tc 0.062 Tw [(secur)-44(ity and de)20(v)39(elopment to Haiti.)-298(Brazil\325)98(s lead in)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.057 Tw [(the peace operations,)-335(coupled with the str)29(ong sup-)]TJ T* -0.022 Tw [(por)-25(t of man)20(y of the r)20(eg)-29(ion\325)98(s larger go)39(v)39(er)-39(nments,)-256(has)]TJ T* 0.01 Tw [(mark)29(ed a v)40(er)-30(y differ)20(ent and positi)19(v)40(e engagement b)25(y)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 567 543.4999 23 13.5 re f Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 576.2808 548.7808 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (3)Tj ET 8 w /CS0 CS 0.3 SCN -621 756 m 621 756 l S Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 216.0445 763.4465 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 Tc (G)Tj 0.96183 0.00001 TD 0 Tc 0.037 Tw [(O)30(VERNANCE AND SECURITY IN HAITI)]TJ ET 2 w /CS0 CS 1 SCN 566.9997 548.3858 m 566.9997 800.9998 l S /GS2 gs q 106.5557 0 0 86.15651 504.864 -0.2155 cm /CS0 cs 0.1 scn /Im2 Do Q Q endstream endobj 12 0 obj << /Length 10332 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 792 0 0 re f /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 91 729.9351 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(r)20(eg)-29(ional actor)-20(s in Haiti\325)98(s futur)20(e)29(.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.008 Tc 0.062 Tw [(F)20(o)1(r)-23(tunately)117(,)-346(s)1(h)1(e)1( )1(s)1(a)1(i)1(d)1(,)-347(the g)-29(r)30(o)40(wth of democratic)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc (g)Tj 0.46899 -0.00001 TD 0.056 Tw [(o)39(v)40(er)-39(nance and impr)29(o)39(v)40(ed ci)19(vil-militar)-29(y r)20(elations in)]TJ -0.46899 -1.28571 TD 0.005 Tc 0.065 Tw [(Latin Amer)-44(ica ha)29(v)40(e enab)15(led man)20(y go)39(v)40(er)-40(nments to)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.055 Tw [(tak)30(e str)29(ong stands in suppor)-25(t of peace operations.)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.02 Tw [(Nine Latin Amer)-44(ican countr)-44(ies ha)29(v)40(e tr)29(oops par)-24(tici)-1(-)]TJ T* 0.069 Tw [(pating in the secur)-44(ity of Haiti thr)29(ough UN peace-)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(k)30(eeping operations while hemispher)-44(ic defense min)-1(-)]TJ T* -0.024 Tw [(ister)-20(s contin)15(ue to w)39(ork to)20(gether in helping to estab-)]TJ T* 0.002 Tw [(lish a safe and secur)20(e en)39(vir)29(onment.)-231(Concer)-39(ned with)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.131 Tw [(the ongoing r)30(ole of Haiti as a nar)19(c)1(o)1(t)1(i)1(c)1(s)1( )1(t)1(r)1(a)1(n)1(s)1(f)1(e)1(r)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.016 Tw [(point in the Car)-44(ibbean,)-294(and r)20(eco)20(gnizing the poten-)]TJ T* -0.021 Tw [(tial for f)-25(ailed states to pr)30(o)39(vide an opening for ter)-39(r)30(or-)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.142 Tw [(i)1(s)1(t)1(s)1(,)-438(U)79(.)1(S)40(.)-389(policymak)29(e)1(r)-19(s)1( )1(a)1(r)21(e no)39(w becoming mor)20(e)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(engaged in the countr)-29(y)117(.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.156 Tw [(Mendelson F)20(o)1(r)-43(man highlighted se)19(v)40(e)1(r)1(a)1(l)1( )1(b)1(r)31(oad)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.007 Tc 0.063 Tw [(questions that need to be consider)20(ed in e)19(v)31(aluating)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(the r)29(ole of the inter)-39(national comm)15(unity in Haiti:)]TJ 1.14514 -2.57143 TD /CS0 cs 1 scn Tj 1.16438 0 Td 0 0 0 1 k 0.012 Tc 0.057 Tw [(Ar)19(e inter)-39(national organizations the ne)20(w vil-)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.102 Tw [(lains of dependency or ar)20(e the)20(y pla)29(ying an)]TJ T* 0.66 Tw [(i)1(m)1(p)1(o)1(r)-24(tant r)30(ole in jump-star)-24(ting f)-25(ailed)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(r)20(eg)-29(imes?)]TJ -1.16438 -1.28571 TD /CS0 cs 1 scn Tj 1.16438 0 Td 0 0 0 1 k -0.012 Tc 0.008 Tw [(A)1(r)20(e the types of thr)20(eats that poor countr)-44(ies lik)29(e)]TJ T* 0.007 Tc 0.058 Tw [(Haiti f)-25(ace best managed thr)30(ough m)15(ultilateral)]TJ T* 0.094 Tw [(organizations? F)20(or example)29(,)-379(ar)20(e the transna-)]TJ T* 0.006 Tc 0.051 Tw [(tional thr)20(eats that no)39(w plague so man)20(y w)39(eak)]TJ T* -0.012 Tc 0.064 Tw [(states possib)15(le to solv)39(e only thr)29(ough a par)-24(tner-)]TJ T* 0.003 Tc 0.054 Tw (ship betw)Tj 3.87084 0 TD (een the emerg)Tj 5.84815 0 TD [(ing go)39(v)40(er)-39(nments and)]TJ -9.71899 -1.28572 TD 0 Tc (m)Tj 0.76486 0 TD -0.012 Tc 0 Tw (ultilateral institutions?)Tj -1.92924 -1.28572 TD /CS0 cs 1 scn 0 Tc Tj 1.16438 0 TD 0 0 0 1 k [(What r)29(ole can diplomacy pla)30(y in foster)-44(ing the)]TJ 0 -1.28572 TD 0.02 Tc 0.328 Tw [(a)30(w)30(a)1(r)20(eness that Haiti and the Dominican)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.187 Tw [(Repub)15(l)1(i)1(c)1( h)1(a)30(v)40(e)1( a)1( s)1(h)1(a)1(r)21(ed )-1(f)-25(ate)30(,)-485(and )-1(that )-1(the)]TJ T* 0.059 Tw [(island as a whole is not sustainab)15(le without)]TJ T* 0.205 Tw [(some alter)-39(nati)20(v)40(e)1( )1(f)1(o)1(r)-43(m of energy de)19(v)40(elop-)]TJ T* 0.086 Tw [(m)1(e)1(n)1(t)1(?)1( )1(I)1(s)1( )1(i)1(t)1( )1(p)1(o)1(s)1(s)1(i)1(b)16(le to b)15(uild peace thr)29(ough)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(shar)20(ed collaboration on energy secur)-44(ity?)]TJ -1.16438 -1.28571 TD /CS0 cs 1 scn Tj 1.16438 0 Td 0 0 0 1 k 0.012 Tw [(What can be done no)39(w to fur)-24(ther b)15(uild secu)-1(-)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.106 Tw [(r)-44(ity )1(in )1(Haiti? )1(Insecur)-44(i)-1(t)-1(y)-1( i)-1(s)-1( a)-1( s)-1(y)-1(m)-1(p)-1(t)-1(o)-1(m)-1( o)-1(f)-1( a)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.014 Tw [(larger pr)29(ob)15(lem,)-291(and the only w)29(a)30(y to r)19(eb)15(uild it)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.107 Tw [(i)1(s)1( )1(t)1(o)1( )1(p)1(r)30(o)40(v)1(i)1(d)1(e)1( )1(y)40(oung men and w)40(omen with)]TJ T* 0.017 Tc 0.053 Tw [(hope for a futur)20(e)30(.)-298(No)39(w)118(,)-347(with the economic)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.002 Tw [(oppor)-24(tunities limited,)-277(insecur)-44(ity will r)20(emain a)]TJ T* 0.057 Tw [(constant thr)20(eat to go)39(v)40(er)-40(nance)30(.)-286(Can the inter-)]TJ T* 0.006 Tc 0.064 Tw [(national comm)15(unity assist in b)14(uilding a r)-24(ural)]TJ T* 0.013 Tc 0.056 Tw (Haiti that is decentralized and self-sufficient)Tj T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(thr)29(ough alter)-39(nati)20(v)40(e for)-45(ms of technolo)20(gy?)]TJ -1.16438 -1.28571 TD /CS0 cs 1 scn Tj 1.16438 0 Td 0 0 0 1 k -0.015 Tc 0.037 Tw [(W)15(ill the democracies of Latin Amer)-44(ica contin)-1(-)]TJ T* 0.048 Tw [(ue to pr)29(o)39(vide suppor)-24(t for Haiti? )29(What capacity)]TJ 22.19048 61.71428 TD 0.047 Tw [(will the)20(y ha)29(v)39(e to sustain what is clearly a long-)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0 Tw [(ter)-44(m mission in the r)20(eg)-30(ion?)]TJ -1.16438 -2.57143 TD 0.02 Tc 0.064 Tw [(She concluded that Haiti\325)98(s)1( )1(f)1(u)1(t)1(u)1(r)21(e and the w)29(a)30(y)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.004 Tc 0.066 Tw [(that it is vie)20(w)39(ed b)25(y Latin Amer)-45(ican countr)-44(ies ma)30(y)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.016 Tw [(signal a ne)20(w era of r)19(eg)-29(ional r)20(elations that could sub-)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.081 Tw [(o)1(r)21(dinate U)78(.)1(S)40(.)-329(i)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)21(ests to those of other r)20(eg)-30(ional)]TJ T* 0.141 Tw [(a)1(c)1(t)1(o)1(r)-19(s)1(.)-827(I)1(t)1( )1(i)1(s)1( )1(i)1(m)1(p)1(o)1(r)-24(tant that Haiti and its futur)20(e)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.02 Tw [(de)20(v)39(elopment become a central par)-24(t of a wider effor)-25(t)]TJ T* 0.009 Tc 0.06 Tw [(of all countr)-44(ies inter)20(ested in peace and secur)-45(ity at)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(the thir)20(d U)78(.S)39(.)-228(bor)19(der)40(,)-278(the Car)-44(ibbean.)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 324 554.4351 Tm /CS0 cs 1 scn 0.037 Tc 0.655 Tw (Assistant Secretary-General)Tj 0 -0.96429 TD 0.081 Tw (Albert Ramdin )Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 439.1905 540.9351 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.02 Tc 0.076 Tw (of the Organization of)Tj -10.97052 -1.28571 TD 0.186 Tw [(A)1(m)1(e)1(r)-43(i)1(c)1(a)1(n)1( )1(S)1(t)1(a)1(t)1(e)1(s)1( )1(\()1(O)40(AS\) noted that the political)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.059 Tw [(landscape in the )29(W)127(ester)-39(n hemispher)20(e has changed)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.032 Tw [(tr)20(emendously o)39(v)39(er the past 12 to 15 months.)-261(Man)20(y)]TJ T* 0.001 Tc 0.068 Tw [(countr)-44(ies held elections in 2006;)-249(almost tw)39(o-thir)20(ds)]TJ T* 0.008 Tc 0.062 Tw [(of the population of the Amer)-44(icas no)39(w has a ne)20(w)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.015 Tw [(go)39(v)40(er)-39(nment or has r)19(ene)20(w)39(ed the mandate for the sit-)]TJ T* 0.017 Tc 0.052 Tw [(ting go)39(v)40(er)-40(nm)1(ent.)-299(Ensur)-44(ing fr)20(ee and f)-25(air elections)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.065 Tw [(and democracy ha)29(v)40(e been k)29(e)20(y focal points of O)39(AS)]TJ T* 0.004 Tc [(in)39(v)39(olv)39(ement in the r)20(e)-1(g)-30(ion dur)-45(ing this time)30(.)-269(While)]TJ T* 0.011 Tc 0.058 Tw [(the O)39(AS has been pleased with the quality of the)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.181 Tw [(elections and the str)20(ength of democracy in the)]TJ T* 0.002 Tc 0.067 Tw [(r)20(eg)-29(ion,)-348(Ramdin added that ne)20(w or sitting go)39(v)40(er)-40(n-)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.266 Tw [(ments,)-563(including Haiti\325)98(s,)-564(f)-25(a)-1(c)-1(e)-1( )-1(m)-1(a)-1(n)19(y economic)29(,)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw (social,)Tj 2.68812 0 TD 0.005 Tw (and political challenges,)Tj 9.65274 0 TD [(as w)39(ell as issues con-)]TJ -12.34087 -1.28572 TD 0 Tw (cer)Tj 1.23657 0 TD (ning indigenous peoples.)Tj -0.09143 -1.28572 TD -0.01 Tc 0.069 Tw (One positi)Tj 4.14878 0 TD [(v)39(e de)20(v)39(elopment,)-338(Ramdin said,)-337(is ther)19(e)]TJ -5.29392 -1.28572 TD -0.015 Tw [(is g)-29(r)19(eater political suppor)-24(t in the )29(W)128(ester)-40(n hemispher)20(e)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD -0.001 Tc 0.061 Tw [(for cooperation and engagement in Haiti.)-259(The for-)]TJ T* 0.002 Tc 0.058 Tw (mation of the UN Stabilization Mission \(MINUS-)Tj T* -0.01 Tc 0.036 Tw [(T)74(AH\),)-304(which in)39(v)39(olv)40(es a n)14(umber of South Amer)-44(ican)]TJ T* 0.016 Tw [(countr)-44(ies,)-284(is an example of this political momentum.)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.229 Tw [(Ramdin urged countr)-44(ies to sustain the political)]TJ T* -0.01 Tc 0 Tw [(momentum aimed at addr)20(essing Haiti\325)98(s needs.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.144 Tw [(I)1(n)1( )1(d)1(i)1(s)1(c)1(u)1(s)1(s)1(i)1(n)1(g)1( )1(H)1(a)1(i)1(t)1(i)1(,)-440(Ramdin argued that it is)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc -0.026 Tw [(impor)-25(tant to a)30(v)40(oid using labels)-1( )1(l)-1(i)1(k)29(e f)-25(ailed state)30(,)-251(non-)]TJ T* 0.002 Tc 0.068 Tw [(f)-24(ailed state)29(,)-347(or fledgling democracy)118(.)-298(Such labels ar)19(e)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.107 Tw [(d)-1(i)-1(f)-1(f)-1(i)-1(c)-1(u)-1(l)-1(t)-1( )-1(t)-1(o)-1( )-1(d)-1(e)-1(f)-1(i)-1(n)-1(e)29(,)-405(he said,)-404(par)-25(ticularly since so-)]TJ T* 0.016 Tc 0.053 Tw [(called de)20(v)39(eloped states also f)-25(ace man)20(y challenges.)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.201 Tw [(F)1(u)1(r)-24(ther)-44(m)1(o)1(r)21(e)30(,)-498(Ramdin argued both the Haitian)]TJ T* 0.38 Tw [(go)39(v)40(e)1(r)-38(nment and the inter)-39(national comm)15(unity)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.009 Tw [(should focus on Haiti\325)98(s par)-25(ticular needs)1( )-1(with r)20(espect)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.294 Tw [(to )1(r)20(esour)19(ces,)-590(assistance)29(,)-590(a)-1(n)-1(d)-1( t)-1(e)-1(c)-1(h)-1(n)-1(i)-1(c)-1(a)-1(l)-1( s)-1(u)-1(p)-1(p)-1(o)-1(r)-25(t.)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.033 Tw [(Ramdin noted that Haitian Pr)20(esident Ren\216 Pr\216v)29(al is)]TJ T* 0.007 Tc 0.062 Tw [(committed to this appr)29(oach\321dur)-44(ing a visit to the)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 24 543.4999 23 13.5 re f Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 33.2808 548.7808 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (4)Tj ET 8 w /CS0 CS 0.3 SCN -9 756 m 1233 756 l S Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 193.1477 763.4465 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (W)Tj 1.24585 0.00001 TD 0.037 Tw [(OODROW WILSON CENTER UPD)25(A)74(TE ON THE AMERICAS)]TJ ET 2 w /CS0 CS 1 SCN 46.0002 549.0002 m 46.0002 801.6142 l S Q endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /Length 10910 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 792 0 0 re f /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 73 729.9351 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.002 Tc 0.068 Tw [(O)39(AS in Mar)20(ch of 2006,)-347(Pr\216v)29(al made clear that his)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw [(policies w)39(ould be based on Haiti\325)98(s inter)20(ests.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.0195 Tc (E)Tj 0.61349 -0.00001 TD 0.02 Tc 0.256 Tw [(m)1(p)1(h)1(a)1(s)1(i)1(z)1(i)1(n)1(g)1( p)1(o)1(s)1(i)1(t)1(i)21(v)40(e )-1(de)19(v)40(elopments,)-554(Ramdin)]TJ -1.75863 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc -0.034 Tw [(noted that Haiti has succeeded in estab)15(lishing a tr)-25(uly)]TJ T* 0.016 Tc 0.053 Tw [(r)20(epr)19(esentati)20(v)39(e go)39(v)39(er)-39(nment,)-347(with all par)-25(ties r)20(epr)19(e-)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.025 Tw [(sented in parliament and the cabinet.)-203(Estab)14(lishing an)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.101 Tw [(i)1(n)1(c)1(l)1(u)1(s)1(i)21(v)40(e)30(,)-399(unified go)40(v)40(e)1(r)-39(nment that has a positi)20(v)40(e)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.017 Tw [(outlook and is committed to impr)29(o)40(ving the countr)-30(y)]TJ T* 0.004 Tc 0.065 Tw [(is a g)-29(r)19(eat achie)20(v)39(ement and is the star)-24(ting point for)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.026 Tw [(an)20(y engagement with the inter)-39(national comm)14(unity)118(,)]TJ T* 0 Tw (Ramdin said.)Tj 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.262 Tw [(R)1(a)1(m)1(d)1(i)1(n)1( s)1(t)1(r)21(e)1(s)1(s)1(e)1(d)1(,)-560(ho)40(w)39(e)21(v)40(e)1(r)40(,)-560(that )-1(expectations)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.002 Tc 0.067 Tw [(r)20(egar)20(ding what can be achie)19(v)40(ed should be lo)39(w)39(er)20(ed)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.044 Tw [(in or)20(der to a)29(v)40(oid disappointment and ensur)19(e steady)]TJ T* -0.001 Tw [(pr)29(o)20(g)-29(r)20(ess,)-278(par)-24(ticularly g)-30(i)20(v)40(en the v)29(ast n)15(umber of chal-)]TJ T* 0.062 Tw [(lenges Haiti f)-25(aces.)-260(These include w)39(eak institutional)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.056 Tw [(c)1(a)1(p)1(a)1(c)1(i)1(t)1(y)119(,)-353(a)1( )1(h)1(i)1(s)1(t)1(o)1(r)-28(y of political instability)117(,)-352(a)1( )1(d)1(i)1(s)1(e)1(n)1(-)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.049 Tw [(gaged ci)20(vil society)117(,)-326(and massi)19(v)40(e unemplo)39(yment and)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.166 Tw [(po)39(v)40(e)1(r)-23(ty)117(.)-413(Such challenges r)20(e)1(q)1(u)1(i)1(r)20(e)1( )1(a)1(n)1( )1(i)1(n)1(c)1(r)21(emental)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.053 Tw [(appr)29(oach thr)30(ough which each pr)29(ob)15(lem is addr)20(essed)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(step b)25(y step)58(,)-277(he said.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD -0.001 Tc 0.061 Tw [(Noting that the Haitian people ha)30(v)40(e s)-1(u)1(ffer)19(ed f)-24(a)1(r)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD -0.01 Tc 0.069 Tw [(too long,)-338(Ramdin said that the Haitian go)40(v)39(er)-39(nment)]TJ T* -0.008 Tc 0.068 Tw [(should focus on demonstrating shor)-24(t-ter)-44(m)-1( r)20(esults in)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.1 Tw [(or)20(der to estab)14(lish and maintain confidence in the)]TJ T* -0.01 Tc 0.011 Tw [(political pr)29(ocess.)-230(He w)30(ar)-40(ned that without shor)-24(t-ter)-44(m)]TJ T* 0.062 Tw [(r)20(esults,)-331(social unr)20(est is lik)30(ely to mount,)-331(which could)]TJ T* 0.009 Tc 0.05 Tw [(lead to fur)-24(ther political instability and damage the)]TJ T* -0.01 Tc 0 Tw (go)Tj 0.9311 0 TD 0 Tc (v)Tj 0.42966 0 TD -0.01 Tc 0.041 Tw [(er)-39(nmental unity that has been achie)20(v)39(ed.)-260(Some of)]TJ -1.36075 -1.28572 TD 0.004 Tc 0.056 Tw (the main challenges in the shor)Tj 12.73202 0 TD [(t-ter)-44(m,)-338(he said,)-337(ar)19(e)]TJ -12.73202 -1.28572 TD 0.006 Tc 0.054 Tw (maintaining a peaceful en)Tj 10.37097 0 TD [(v)1(i)1(r)30(onment and pr)30(o)39(viding)]TJ -10.37097 -1.28572 TD -0.001 Tc 0.061 Tw [(oppor)-24(tunities for income generation.)-289(One example)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.01 Tc 0.441 Tw [(of a shor)-25(t-ter)-44(m pr)30(oject is the P)29(an-Amer)-44(ican)]TJ T* -0.007 Tc 0.066 Tw [(D)1(e)21(v)39(elopment )-1(F)20(oundation\325)98(s)1( i)1(n)1(i)1(t)1(i)1(a)1(t)1(i)21(v)40(e)1( t)1(o)1( c)1(r)20(eate )-1(1,500)]TJ T* -0.01 Tc 0.014 Tw [(jobs for str)20(eet cleaner)-20(s.)-233(Ramdin cautioned that while)]TJ T* -0.008 Tw [(focusing on cr)20(eating shor)-25(t-ter)-44(m oppor)-24(tunities should)]TJ T* -0.003 Tc 0.063 Tw [(be a pr)-44(ior)-44(ity)117(,)-337(the go)39(v)40(er)-39(nment and the inter)-39(national)]TJ T* -0.01 Tc -0.017 Tw [(comm)15(unity should not lose sight of long-ter)-44(m strate-)]TJ T* 0.006 Tw [(g)-29(ic plans and goals,)-275(including the str)-24(uctural impr)29(o)39(v)40(e-)]TJ T* 0.005 Tc 0.055 Tw [(ment of the econom)30(y and go)39(v)40(e)1(r)-39(n)1(m)1(e)1(n)1(t)1( )1(i)1(n)1(s)1(t)1(i)1(t)1(u)1(t)1(i)1(o)1(n)1(s)]TJ T* -0.01 Tc 0 Tw [(and the str)20(engthening of the social system.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.0195 Tc (A)Tj 1.09482 0 Td 0.019 Tc 0.101 Tw [(major challenge is secur)-44(ity)118(,)-399(R)-1(a)-1(m)-1(d)-1(i)-1(n)-1( )-1(s)-1(t)-1(a)-1(t)-1(e)-1(d)-1(.)]TJ -2.23997 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.337 Tw [(C)1(o)1(n)1(f)1(r)30(onting this challenge in)40(v)40(o)1(l)1(v)40(e)1(s)1( )1(p)1(r)30(otecting)]TJ T* 0.009 Tc 0.06 Tw [(human r)-44(ights,)-347(ensur)-45(ing f)-24(air judicial pr)29(ocesses,)-347(and)]TJ T* 0.018 Tc 0.052 Tw [(str)20(engthening the Haitian National P)49(olice)29(.)-298(It also)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.061 Tw [(i)1(n)40(v)40(o)1(l)1(v)40(e)1(s)1( )1(i)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)-38(national cooperation and assistance)30(.)]TJ T* 0.344 Tw [(One instance wher)20(e)1( )1(i)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)-38(national cooperation)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.058 Tw [(w)39(ould be useful is in the training of Haitian police)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.083 Tw [(o)1(f)1(f)1(i)1(c)1(e)1(r)-19(s)1(.)-330(He suggested that the training of police)]TJ 22.19048 61.71428 TD 0.006 Tc 0.063 Tw [(officer)-20(s tak)30(e place outside Haiti;)-250(an exchange pr)30(o-)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc 0.04 Tw [(g)-29(ram with C)10(ARICOM nations could train Haitian)]TJ 0.0195 Tc (p)' 0.51949 -0.00001 TD 0.019 Tc 0.228 Tw [(olice officer)-20(s in a calmer en)40(vir)29(o)-1(n)-1(m)-1(e)-1(n)-1(t)-1( )-1(b)-1(e)-1(f)-1(o)-1(r)19(e)]TJ -0.51949 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw [(r)20(etur)-39(ning them to w)39(ork in Haiti.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD -0.005 Tc -0.029 Tw [(While secur)-44(ity is a k)29(e)20(y concer)-39(n,)-244(Ramdin said that)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.015 Tc 0.081 Tw [(mor)20(e attention should be paid to the pr)29(ob)15(lem of)]TJ T* 0.006 Tc 0.058 Tw [(po)39(v)40(er)-25(ty)118(,)-343(as it is closely link)30(ed to the secur)-44(ity chal-)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.303 Tw [(lenge)30(.)-547(Noting that it will tak)30(e man)19(y y)40(ear)-20(s to)]TJ T* 0.011 Tc 0.054 Tw [(str)20(engthen the Haitian National P)49(olice)29(,)-342(he argued)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0 Tw [(that focusing on po)39(v)40(er)-25(ty alle)20(viation and other de)20(v)39(el-)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.204 Tw [(opment challenges will lessen secur)-44(ity concer)-39(n)1(s)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc -0.034 Tw [(indir)20(ectly in the shor)-25(t ter)-44(m.)-190(Gi)19(v)40(en the length of time)]TJ T* 0.069 Tw [(needed to str)20(engthen the police for)19(ce and the need)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.108 Tw [(for immediate de)20(v)39(elopment assistance)30(,)-400(he argued)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.034 Tw [(that MINUST)74(AH should r)19(emain in the countr)-29(y for)]TJ T* 0.002 Tc 0.062 Tw [(an extended per)-44(iod of time while slo)39(wly chang)-29(ing)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc -0.036 Tw [(its mandate to focus mor)20(e on de)19(v)40(elopment issues and)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(institutional suppor)-24(t other than secur)-44(ity)117(.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD -0.01 Tc -0.037 Tw [(Gi)20(v)39(en the man)20(y challenges Haiti f)-25(aces,)-230(in 2006 the)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD -0.017 Tw [(O)39(AS expanded its mandate to include the pr)30(omotion)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.081 Tw [(of economic and social de)20(v)39(elopment alongside its)]TJ T* 0.008 Tc 0.052 Tw [(or)-44(ig)-30(inal focus on str)20(engthening democratic go)39(v)40(er)-1(-)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.065 Tw [(nance)29(.)-288(In connection with this br)30(oadened mandate)29(,)]TJ T* -0.01 Tc 0.003 Tw [(the manner in which the O)39(AS operates is also e)20(v)39(olv-)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.203 Tw [(ing.)-441(O)39(AS Secr)20(etar)-30(y-General J)30(os\216 Miguel Insulza)]TJ T* -0.01 Tc 0.063 Tw [(estab)15(lished a Haiti )29(T)108(ask F)20(or)19(ce aimed at coor)20(dinating)]TJ T* 0.033 Tw [(all O)39(AS acti)20(vities in Haiti.)-252(As chair of the Haiti )29(T)108(ask)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(F)20(or)19(ce)30(,)-293(Ramdin said that he is r)19(esponsib)15(le for str)20(eam-)]TJ T* -0.016 Tw (lining O)Tj 3.23782 0 TD (AS operations in Haiti in or)Tj 10.68068 0 TD [(der to str)20(engthen)]TJ -13.91849 -1.28572 TD -0.002 Tc 0.062 Tw (their effecti)Tj 4.53348 0 TD [(v)40(eness and better ser)-25(v)40(e Haitian author)-44(i-)]TJ -4.53348 -1.28572 TD -0.01 Tc 0 Tw (ties.)Tj 1.72834 0 TD 0.037 Tw [(Thus,)-305(the acti)20(vities of the thr)20(ee basic O)39(AS enti-)]TJ -1.72834 -1.28572 TD 0.069 Tw [(ties in Haiti\321the O)39(AS countr)-29(y office)29(,)-337(the Electoral)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.049 Tw [(T)152(echnical Assistance Pr)29(o)20(g)-29(ram \(ET)73(AP\),)-317(and the O)39(AS)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.196 Tw (Special Mission\321will all be managed under the)Tj T* -0.01 Tc 0 Tw [(heading of the O)39(AS countr)-29(y office)29(.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.015 Tc 0.053 Tw [(Ramdin added that better coor)20(dination within)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.205 Tw [(the inter)-39(national comm)15(unity)117(,)-497(par)-24(ticularly at the)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.061 Tw [(technical and political le)20(v)39(els,)-334(is needed,)-334(as is g)-30(r)20(eater)]TJ T* 0.013 Tw [(cooperation betw)39(een donor aid organizations w)40(ork)-1(-)]TJ T* 0.001 Tc 0.064 Tw [(ing within Haiti.)-264(T)1(h)1(i)1(s)1( )1(i)1(n)40(v)40(olv)39(es 1\) making sur)20(e that)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.033 Tw [(donor aid for technical suppor)-24(t tak)29(es account of the)]TJ T* -0.003 Tc 0.068 Tw [(political en)39(v)1(i)1(r)30(onment;)-244(2\) expanding member)-20(ship in)]TJ T* 0.003 Tc 0.061 Tw [(the extended frame)20(w)39(ork for cooperation on Haiti;)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.064 Tw [(and 3\) holding r)20(egular meetings on political de)19(v)40(el-)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.097 Tw [(opments.)-340(Such)-1( coor)20(dination among inter)-39(national)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc -0.021 Tw [(entities is lik)29(ely to 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0 Tc -0.032 Tw [(because he w)29(as vie)20(w)39(ed as a b)15(ul)20(w)29(ark against comm)15(u-)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0 Tw (nism.)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 6.825 0 0 6.825 96.4387 287.9001 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (4)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 103.527 284.4351 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.02 Tc 0.076 Tw [(While Haiti w)29(as the second major tour)-43(i)1(s)1(t)]TJ -2.90733 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc 0.008 Tw [(destination in the Car)-44(ibbean behind Cuba fr)29(om the)]TJ T* 0.016 Tw [(1940s to the 1960s,)-294(after coming to po)39(w)40(er in 1957,)]TJ T* 0.064 Tw [(Duv)29(alier dr)30(o)39(v)40(e all the pr)29(ofessionals fr)29(om the coun-)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(tr)-30(y)118(,)-277(g)-30(r)20(eatly damag)-29(ing Haiti\325)98(s economic standing.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.014 Tw [(T)128(ur)-40(ning to the r)30(ole of the inter)-39(national comm)15(u-)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.102 Tw [(n)1(i)1(t)1(y)1( )1(i)1(n)1( )1(r)21(ecent y)39(e)1(a)1(r)-19(s)1(,)-399(J)31(oseph stated that assistance)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.025 Tw [(fr)29(om the inter)-39(national comm)15(unity is impor)-25(tant and)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.301 Tw [(effecti)20(v)40(e when pr)29(o)1(p)1(e)1(r)1(l)1(y)1( )1(d)1(i)1(r)21(e)1(c)1(t)1(e)1(d)1(.)-549(I)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)-38(national)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.005 Tw [(obser)-25(v)40(er)-20(s sent b)25(y the O)39(AS made the fir)-20(st democrat-)]TJ T* 0.055 Tw [(ic elections possib)15(le in 1990,)-333(he said.)-284(Although the)]TJ T* 0.008 Tc 0.061 Tw [(Haitian people ar)20(e v)39(er)-30(y accepting of for)20(eign assis-)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.012 Tw [(tance)29(,)-265(he w)30(ar)-40(ned that the pr)20(esence of for)20(eign tr)29(oops)]TJ T* 0.034 Tw [(for an extended per)-44(iod of time could spark Haitian)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(nationalism and a r)20(ejection of inter)-39(national in)39(v)39(olv)40(e-)]TJ T* 0.063 Tw [(ment in the countr)-29(y)117(.)-261(T)152(o pr)20(e)19(v)40(ent this fr)29(om happen-)]TJ 22.19048 61.71428 TD 0.001 Tc 0.069 Tw [(ing,)-347(he said,)-348(inter)-39(national assistance should be w)39(ell)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.082 Tw [(c)1(o)1(o)1(r)21(dinated and aim to achie)19(v)40(e sustainab)15(le solu-)]TJ -0.0001 Tc (t)' 0.29185 -0.00001 TD 0 Tc 0.028 Tw [(ions.)-257(Rather than claiming cr)20(edit for their indi)19(vid-)]TJ -0.29186 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.606 Tw [(ual contr)-44(i)1(b)16(u)1(t)1(i)1(o)1(n)1(s)1(,)-903(i)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)-38(national organizations)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.02 Tw [(should w)39(ork in cooperation with Haitians on de)20(v)39(el-)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.339 Tw [(opment initiati)20(v)40(e)1(s)1( )1(t)1(o)1( )1(s)1(t)1(r)20(engthen the countr)-29(y)199(s)]TJ T* 0.17 Tw [(human capital and capacity)118(.)-418(He highlighted the)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.052 Tw [(Inter-Amer)-44(ican De)20(v)39(elopment Bank\325)98(s fund to br)-44(ing)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.234 Tw [(Haitian pr)29(ofessionals li)20(ving abr)30(o)-1(a)-1(d)-1( )-1(b)-1(a)-1(c)-1(k)-1( )-1(t)-1(o)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(countr)-29(y as a successful example of this appr)29(oach.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.03 Tw [(J)30(oseph added that de)19(v)40(elopment initiati)20(v)39(es should)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.009 Tc 0.061 Tw [(not tr)-29(y to r)19(ein)39(v)40(ent the wheel,)-347(b)15(ut rather b)15(uild on)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.185 Tw [(p)1(r)21(e)20(v)1(i)1(o)1(u)1(s)1( )1(e)1(f)1(f)1(o)1(r)-24(t)1(s)1(.)-402(The dissolution of the Haitian)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.012 Tw [(ar)-44(med for)20(ces after the r)19(eestab)15(lishment of democracy)]TJ T* 0.011 Tc 0.058 Tw [(had de)20(v)29(astating consequences,)-347(he said.)-299(Destr)30(o)39(ying)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.01 Tw [(the ar)-44(med for)20(ces without a substitute in place cr)19(eat-)]TJ T* 0.009 Tc 0.06 Tw [(ed a huge v)29(acuum and made gaining contr)30(ol o)39(v)39(er)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.055 Tw [(the secur)-44(ity situation m)15(uch mor)19(e challeng)-29(ing.)-254(This)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.073 Tw [(lesson should be lear)-39(ned with r)20(efer)19(ence to other)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(countr)-44(ies,)-278(he concluded.)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 306 432.9351 Tm /CS0 cs 1 scn 0.027 Tc 0.061 Tw (Ambassador Roberto \347lvarez,)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 306 419.4351 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.015 Tc 0.054 Tw [(Mission of the Dominican Repub)15(lic to the O)39(AS)39(,)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.019 Tc 0.127 Tw [(discussed thr)20(ee pr)-44(incipal ar)19(eas of concer)-39(n)-1( )-1(a)-1(b)-1(o)-1(u)-1(t)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.09 Tw [(H)1(a)1(i)1(t)1(i)1( )1(f)1(r)30(om the Dominican per)-19(s)1(p)1(e)1(c)1(t)1(i)21(v)39(e)1(:)-288(d)1(r)-24(ug and)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(ar)-44(ms trafficking,)-278(HIV/AIDS)39(,)-278(and mig)-29(ration.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD -0.015 Tc 0.041 Tw [(Quoting the 2006 State Depar)-24(tment Inter)-39(national)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.019 Tc 0 Tw (Nar)Tj 1.58076 0 TD 0.613 Tw (cotics Contr)Tj 5.71983 0 TD 0.02 Tc [(ol Strategy Repor)-24(t on the)]TJ -7.30059 -1.28572 TD 0.396 Tw (Dominican Repub)Tj 8.17092 0 TD [(l)1(i)1(c)30(,)-6931(l)1(v)31(a)1(r)20(ez noted that the)]TJ -8.17092 -1.28572 TD 0.235 Tw (Dominican Repub)Tj 8.00961 0 TD [(lic has been identified as \322)1(a)]TJ -8.00961 -1.28572 TD 0.136 Tw [(major dr)-24(ug transit countr)-30(y for illegal substances)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.218 Tw [(flo)39(w)1(i)1(n)1(g)1( )1(f)1(r)31(om South A)1(m)1(e)1(r)-43(i)1(c)1(a)1(,)128-417(and that dur)-44(i)1(n)1(g)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.038 Tw [(2005,)-239(the State Depar)-25(tment cr)20(edited the Dominican)]TJ T* -0.013 Tw [(Repub)15(lic with incr)19(easing the seizur)20(es of large quan-)]TJ T* 0.018 Tw [(tities of dr)-25(ugs,)-295(raising the n)15(umber of extraditions of)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.344 Tw [(suspects to the United States,)-642(and impr)30(o)40(v)1(i)1(n)1(g)]TJ T* 0.063 Tw [(domestic la)29(w enfor)20(cement capacity)118(.)-311(R)1(e)1(f)1(e)1(r)-38(r)-44(ing to)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.006 Tw [(Haiti,)-272(the same r)19(epor)-24(t notes,)-272(\322Haiti is a k)29(e)20(y conduit)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.084 Tw [(f)1(o)1(r)1( )1(d)1(r)-24(ug traffick)30(e)1(r)-19(s)1(.)128-2831(l)1(v)30(a)1(r)21(ez maintained that the)]TJ T* 0.011 Tc 0.058 Tw [(inter)-39(national comm)15(unity made a ter)-39(r)-45(ib)15(le decision)]TJ T* 0.004 Tc 0.066 Tw [(b)25(y dismantling Haitian ar)-44(med for)19(ces befor)20(e a ne)20(w)118(,)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.04 Tw [(non-politicized,)-238(effecti)20(v)39(e secur)-44(ity for)20(ce w)29(as in place)30(,)]TJ T* 0.011 Tw [(sa)29(ying that this decision has had a significant impact)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.445 Tw [(o)1(n)1( )1(d)1(r)-23(ug and ar)-44(m)1(s)1( )1(i)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)20(diction betw)39(een the)]TJ T* 0.17 Tw [(Dominican Repub)15(l)1(i)1(c)1( )1(a)1(n)1(d)1( )1(H)1(a)1(i)1(t)1(i)1(:)-368(the Dominican)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.032 Tw [(ar)-44(med for)20(ces no)39(w bear the b)14(ur)20(den of patr)30(olling)-1( the)]TJ T* 0.003 Tc 0.066 Tw [(Haitian bor)20(der)39(.)-269(The Dominican ar)-44(med for)20(ces no)39(w)]TJ T* 0.001 Tc 0.069 Tw [(lack an interlocutor on the Haitian side)30(,)-347(he added.)]TJ ET 8 w /CS0 CS 0.3 SCN -621 756 m 621 756 l S 2 w 1 SCN 566.9997 548.3858 m 566.9997 800.9998 l S Q endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /Length 10415 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 792 0 0 re f /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 91 729.9351 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.034 Tc 0.39 Tw [(The flo)39(w of dr)-24(ugs thr)29(ough the Dominican)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.441 Tw [(Repub)15(lic has had ser)-44(ious consequences for)]TJ 0.0342 Tc (D)' 0.79418 -0.00001 TD 0.034 Tc 0.237 Tw [(ominican society)118(,)-549(as not all dr)-25(ugs that pass)]TJ -0.79418 -1.28571 TD 0.015 Tc 0 Tw [(thr)29(ough the countr)-29(y lea)29(v)40(e)30(,)-292(he said.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc 0.027 Tw [(T)128(ur)-40(ning to health issues and focusing in par)-24(ticu-)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.056 Tw [(lar on the pr)30(ob)14(l)1(e)1(m)1( )1(o)1(f)1( )1(H)1(I)1(V)1(/)1(A)1(I)1(D)1(S)41(,)-3541(l)1(v)31(a)1(r)20(ez noted)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.011 Tw [(that the Car)-44(ibbean r)20(eg)-30(ion is the second most affect-)]TJ T* 0.058 Tw [(ed ar)20(ea in the w)39(orld after sub-Saharan Afr)-44(ica,)-337(with)]TJ T* 0.018 Tw (AIDS a leading cause of death in people aged 15 to)Tj T* 0.017 Tc 0.052 Tw [(44.)-298(Accor)19(ding to a r)20(epor)-25(t b)25(y the United Nations)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.016 Tw [(pr)29(o)20(g)-29(ram on HIV/AIDS)39(,)-261(of the Car)-44(ibbean\325)98(s 1.6 per)-1(-)]TJ T* 0.018 Tc 0.051 Tw [(cent pr)20(e)19(v)29(alence rate)30(,)-348(Haiti is the biggest cause of)]TJ T* 0.006 Tc 0.064 Tw [(concer)-39(n,)-348(with an adult pr)20(e)20(v)30(alence rate of 3.8 per-)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.052 Tw [(cent,)-348(c)-1(o)-1(m)-1(p)-1(a)-1(r)18(e)-1(d)-1( t)-1(o)-1( 1)-1(.)-1(7)-1( p)-1(e)-1(r)19(cent )1(in )1(the )1(Dominican)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.032 Tw [(Repub)15(lic)29(.)-167(The r)20(epor)-24(t also points out that Hispaniola)]TJ T* 0.012 Tc 0.057 Tw [(is the most affected island in the Car)-44(ibbean,)-348(with)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.223 Tw [(77.5 per)20(cent of the cases of 330,000 adults in)]TJ T* 0.125 Tw [(r)20(eg)-29(i)1(o)1(n)1(.)-373(Haiti alone has 57.5 per)20(c)1(e)1(n)1(t)1( )1(o)1(f)1( )1(r)21(eg)-30(ional)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.293 Tw [(cases,)-591(or 190,000 cases,)-590(w)-1(h)-1(i)-1(l)-1(e)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)-1( )-1(D)-1(o)-1(m)-1(i)-1(n)-1(i)-1(c)-1(a)-1(n)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(Repub)15(lic has 20 per)19(cent,)-277(or 66,000 cases.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.034 Tc 0.095 Tw [(W)15(ith r)19(egar)20(d to immig)-30(ration,)-407(\347lv)29(ar)20(ez argued)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.379 Tw [(that the str)-44(ict U)78(.S)39(.)-642(immig)-29(ration policy and)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.061 Tw [(i)1(n)1(c)1(r)21(eased vig)-30(ilance b)25(y the U)78(.)1(S)40(.)-303(Coast Guar)19(d ha)30(v)40(e)]TJ T* 0.034 Tc 0.115 Tw [(r)20(esulted in mor)19(e mig)-29(ration acr)29(oss the Haitian-)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc -0.006 Tw [(Dominican bor)20(der since the early 1990s,)-287(placing a)]TJ T* 0.032 Tc 0.052 Tw [(g)-30(r)20(eat strain on the Dominican Repub)15(lic)29(.)-283(While)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.065 Tw [(Pr)20(esident Bush r)19(ecently signed a la)29(w author)-44(izing)]TJ T* 0.034 Tc 0.093 Tw [(the constr)-25(uction of a w)30(all betw)39(een the United)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.058 Tw (States and Mexico)Tj 7.55227 0 TD 0 Tc (,)Tj 0.62529 0 TD 0.015 Tc [(what \347lv)29(a)1(r)21(ez called a \322)1(v)1(i)1(r)-24(tual)]TJ -8.17756 -1.28572 TD 0 Tc (w)Tj 0.72515 0 TD 0.015 Tc 0.018 Tw [(all\323)-213(has existed betw)39(een the island of Hispaniola)]TJ -0.72515 -1.28572 TD 0.029 Tc 0.055 Tw (and the United States since the mid 1990s.)Tj 18.78244 0 TD 0 Tw (The)Tj -18.78244 -1.28572 TD 0.032 Tc 0.052 Tw [(n)14(umber of inter)20(dictions of Haitians b)25(y the U)78(.S)39(.)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.015 Tc 0.064 Tw [(Coast Guar)20(d g)-30(r)21(eatly incr)19(eased in the early 1990s.)]TJ T* 0.026 Tc 0.058 Tw [(As a point of r)20(efer)19(ence)30(,)-362(in 1987,)-363(the U)79(.S)39(.)-313(Coast)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc -0.014 Tw [(Guar)20(d inter)19(dicted 3,541 Haitians on the high seas.)]TJ T* -0.039 Tw [(After the 1991 coup in Haiti,)-254(the n)15(umber of inter-)]TJ T* 0.025 Tc 0.059 Tw [(dictions jumped to 10,087,)-362(spiking to 25,069 in)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc -0.021 Tw [(1994.)-223(Using a ter)-44(m coined b)25(y Ber)-40(nar)20(do )30(V)127(ega,)-271(for)-1(-)]TJ T* 0.059 Tw (mer Dominican ambassador to the United States,)Tj T* 0.034 Tc 0.076 Tw [(\347lv)29(ar)20(ez commented that incr)20(eased vig)-30(ilance b)25(y)]TJ T* 0.063 Tw [(the U)79(.S)39(.)-326(Coast Guar)20(d in the )29(W)15(indw)29(ar)20(d P)29(assage)]TJ T* 0.025 Tc 0.059 Tw [(and the Mona Channel betw)39(een the Dominican)]TJ T* 0.034 Tc 0.067 Tw [(Repub)15(lic and Puer)-25(to Rico placed the island of)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0 Tw [(Hispaniola \322in brack)29(ets.)127]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.007 Tc 0.062 Tw [(Gi)20(v)39(en the difficulty of mig)-29(rating to the United)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.003 Tc 0.066 Tw [(States,)-347(the absence of a Haitian secur)-44(ity for)19(ce)30(,)-348(and)]TJ T* 0.002 Tc 0.068 Tw [(the lack of identity car)20(d)1(s)1(,)-347(Haitians mig)-29(rated to the)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.319 Tw [(D)-1(o)-1(m)-1(i)-1(n)-1(i)-1(c)-1(a)-1(n)-1( )-1(R)-1(e)-1(p)-1(u)-1(b)14(lic in dramatically incr)20(e)-1(a)-1(s)-1(e)-1(d)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.044 Tw [(n)15(umber)-20(s in the 1990s.)-273(Ackno)39(wledg)-29(ing the impetus)]TJ 22.19048 45.26653 TD 0.019 Tc 0.075 Tw [(for mig)-29(ration fr)29(om Haiti,)-372(\347lv)29(ar)20(e)-1(z)-1( )-1(n)-1(o)-1(t)-1(e)-1(d)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(a)-1(t)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (embargo imposed on Haiti in the 1990s had delete)Tj 20.08018 0.00001 TD (-)Tj -20.08018 -1.28572 TD (r)Tj 0.3767 0.00001 TD -0.04 Tw [(ious effects on the Haitian econom)29(y and exacerbat-)]TJ -0.3767 -1.28572 TD 0.014 Tc 0.056 Tw (ed po)Tj 2.32137 0.00001 TD 0.013 Tc [(v)39(er)-25(t)-1(y)117(.)-299(H)-1(o)39(w)38(e)20(v)39(er)39(,)-348(accor)20(ding to a r)19(e)-1(c)-1(e)-1(n)-1(t)-1( )-1(n)-1(e)-1(e)-1(d)-1(s)]TJ -2.32137 -1.28572 TD 0.019 Tc 0.474 Tw (assessment and cost analysis,)Tj 13.7815 0.00001 TD 0.02 Tc (the Dominican)Tj -13.7815 -1.28572 TD 0.005 Tc 0 Tw (Repub)Tj 2.77146 0 TD 0.064 Tw [(lic itself needs betw)39(een $29 and $30 billion)]TJ -2.77146 -1.28572 TD 0 Tc 0.062 Tw (to meet the Millennium De)Tj 11.26903 0 TD [(v)40(elopment Goals.)-291(\(The)]TJ -11.26903 -1.28572 TD -0.038 Tw [(countr)-29<79D5>98(s GDP is $21 billion.\) )29(Thus,)-240(\347lv)29(ar)20(ez str)19(essed)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.051 Tw [(that in tr)-29(ying to meet the Dominican Repub)15(l)1(i)1(c)199(s)]TJ T* 0.155 Tw [(o)40(wn de)19(v)40(elopment goals,)-452(i)1(n)1(c)1(l)1(u)1(d)1(i)1(n)1(g)1( )1(r)20(educing the)]TJ T* 0.006 Tc 0.063 Tw [(pr)20(e)19(v)30(alence of HIV/AIDS)39(,)-347(the Dominican go)40(v)39(er)-39(n-)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.008 Tw [(ment should not be expected to be ab)15(le to meet the)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(needs of Haitians li)20(ving within Dominican bor)19(der)-19(s.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD -0.007 Tw [(\347lv)29(ar)20(ez ag)-30(r)20(eed with J)30(ohanna Mendelson F)20(or)-45(man)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.011 Tc 0.058 Tw [(that the inter)-39(national comm)15(unity should consider)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.05 Tw [(island-wide solutions or appr)29(oaches.)-268(T)107(aking issue)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.115 Tw [(with the comments of O)39(A)1(S)1( )1(A)1(s)1(s)1(i)1(s)1(t)1(a)1(n)1(t)1( )1(S)1(e)1(c)1(r)21(etar)-30(y-)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.025 Tw [(General Ramdin,)-252(\347lv)29(ar)19(ez argued that such solutions)]TJ T* 0.011 Tc 0.059 Tw (should not be slo)Tj 7.09149 0 TD 0.0106 Tc (w)Tj 1.0979 0 Td 0.011 Tc [(and incr)20(emental b)15(ut dramatic)29(.)]TJ -8.18939 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0 Tw (Unfor)Tj 2.56014 0 TD 0.019 Tc 0.249 Tw [(t)-1(u)-1(n)-1(a)-1(t)-1(e)-1(l)-1(y)117(,)-548(he said,)-547(initiati)20(v)39(es for dramatic)30(,)]TJ -2.56014 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc 0.007 Tw [(island-wide solutions ar)20(e not being pr)29(oposed b)25(y the)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.167 Tw [(i)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)-38(national )-1(comm)15(unity;)-367(i)1(t)1( h)1(a)1(s)1( n)1(o)1(t)1( v)1(i)1(e)20(w)40(ed )-1(the)]TJ T* 0.266 Tw [(i)1(m)1(m)1(i)1(g)-28(ration b)14(u)1(r)21(den placed on the Dominican)]TJ T* 0.131 Tw [(Repub)15(l)1(i)1(c)1( a)1(s)1( a)1( s)1(h)1(a)1(r)21(e)1(d)1( r)20(esponsibility )-1(and )-1(thus )-1(has)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(f)-24(ailed to addr)19(ess the pr)30(ob)15(lem.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.001 Tc 0.069 Tw [(\347lv)29(ar)20(ez concluded b)24(y indicating that polls sho)40(w)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc 0.036 Tw [(pub)15(lic opinion in the Dominican Repub)15(lic shifting)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.054 Tw [(to)39(w)30(ar)19(ds less acceptance of Haitian immig)-29(rants.)-299(In)]TJ T* 0.014 Tc 0.055 Tw [(1990,)-347(when ask)29(ed whether Haitians who illegally)]TJ T* 0.002 Tc 0.067 Tw [(immig)-29(rated to the Dominican Repub)14(lic should be)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.012 Tw [(r)20(etur)-39(ned to Haiti,)-266(44 per)20(cent of Dominican r)19(espon-)]TJ T* 0.058 Tw [(dents said the)20(y should be allo)39(w)39(ed to sta)30(y)117(.)-256(T)152(en y)39(ear)-19(s)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.241 Tw [(later)39(,)-538(only 17 per)20(c)1(e)1(n)1(t)1( )1(r)21(esponded that w)29(a)30(y)118(.)-488(He)]TJ T* 0.113 Tw [(w)30(a)1(r)-38(ned that unless the situation is vie)19(w)40(ed in an)]TJ T* 0.011 Tc 0.058 Tw [(island-wide context and dramatic measur)20(es\321such)]TJ T* 0.013 Tc 0.056 Tw [(as widespr)20(ead job cr)19(eation in Haiti\321ar)20(e adopted,)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 24 543.4999 23 13.5 re f Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 33.2808 548.7808 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (8)Tj ET 8 w /CS0 CS 0.3 SCN -9 756 m 1233 756 l S Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 193.1477 763.4465 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (W)Tj 1.24585 0.00001 TD 0.037 Tw [(OODROW WILSON CENTER UPD)25(A)74(TE ON THE AMERICAS)]TJ ET 2 w /CS0 CS 1 SCN 46.0002 549.0002 m 46.0002 801.6142 l S 0 0 0 0 k 324 576.299 216 161.701 re f 0.5 SCN 325 736 m 539 736 l S Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F17 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 325 717 Tm /CS0 cs 0.8 scn 0.014 Tc [(Le Chev)25(allier identified thr)14(ee sim)15(ultaneous)]TJ 0 -1.25 TD [(tr)19(ansitions taking place in Haiti\321fr)15(om)]TJ T* [(ar)-25(med conflict to r)14(econcilia)30(tion and peace,)]TJ T* [(fr)15(om a non-democr)19(a)30(tic cultur)15(e to a)]TJ T* [(democr)20(a)30(tic society)119(,)-192(and fr)15(om a f)20(ailed sta)29(te to)]TJ 0.0138 Tc (a)' 0.76355 0 Td 0.014 Tc [(na)29(tion- sta)30(te.)-42(T)120(r)-15(ying to ad)15(dr)14(ess one of)]TJ -0.76355 -1.25 TD [(these tr)20(ansitions while ignor)-25(ing the other)]TJ T* [(tw)15(o is wha)29(t explains the past f)20(ailur)15(es of)]TJ ET 2 w /CS0 CS 0.5 SCN 325 584 m 539 584 l S BT /F17 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 325 597 Tm [(inter)-25(na)29(tional assistance.)]TJ ET Q endstream endobj 17 0 obj << /Length 11085 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 792 0 0 re f /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 73 729.9351 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.003 Tc 0.067 Tw [(the inter)-39(national comm)15(unity can expect v)39(er)-30(y ser)-44(i-)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw [(ous conflicts in the futur)20(e)29(.)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 73 675.9351 Tm /CS0 cs 1 scn 0.043 Tc 0.751 Tw [(Gerardo Le Chevallier)92(,)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 270.7876 675.9351 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.034 Tc (UN)Tj -18.83691 -1.28571 TD 0.015 Tc 0.032 Tw [(Stabilization Mission \(MINUST)74(A)1(H)1(\))1(,)-324(ag)-29(r)20(eed with)]TJ T* 0.001 Tw [(Assistant Secr)20(etar)-30(y-General Ramdin r)20(egar)19(ding the)]TJ T* 0.034 Tc 0.312 Tw [(need to maintain a positi)20(v)39(e outlook,)-625(noting)]TJ T* 0.104 Tw [(pr)29(o)20(g)-30(r)20(ess on a n)15(umber of fr)29(onts.)-367(On J)30(an)14(uar)-29(y 7,)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc -0.012 Tw [(2006,)-281(he said,)-281(MINUST)74(AH lost Brazilian General)]TJ T* 0.029 Tc 0.055 Tw [(Urano Bacellar)39(,)-362(F)20(or)20(ce Commander of MINUS-)]TJ T* 0.014 Tc 0 Tw [(T)73(AH.)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 6.825 0 0 6.825 98.0986 584.9001 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (5)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 104.2602 581.4351 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.015 Tc -0.034 Tw [(On J)29(an)15(uar)-29(y 9,)-259(a general str)-44(i)1(k)30(e organized b)25(y)]TJ -2.97716 -1.28571 TD 0.023 Tc 0.061 Tw [(the pr)-44(i)20(v)30(ate sector shut do)40(wn the whole of P)49(o)1(r)-24(t-)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.064 Tw [(au-Pr)-44(ince)29(,)-356(in a pr)29(otest o)39(v)40(er the secur)-44(ity situation)]TJ T* 0.024 Tc 0.06 Tw [(and a demand to postpone the pr)20(esidential elec)-1(-)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc -0.039 Tw [(tions.)-205(Despite these setbacks,)-254(on F)20(ebr)-25(uar)-29(y 7,)-254(2006,)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(Haiti held the best elections in its histor)-30(y)118(.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc 0.062 Tw [(The transition to democracy has y)39(et to succeed,)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.003 Tw [(ho)39(w)40(e)19(v)40(er)39(.)-202(The r)20(esults of the F)20(ebr)-25(uar)-29(y 2007 elections)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.061 Tw [(w)40(e)1(r)20(e not accepted b)25(y all of the par)-25(t)1(i)1(c)1(i)1(p)1(a)1(n)1(t)1(s)1(.)-279(T)1(h)1(e)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.005 Tw [(inter)-39(national comm)15(unity has been going in and out)]TJ T* -0.011 Tw [(of Haiti for se)20(v)39(eral y)39(ear)-19(s.)-218(MINUST)74(AH is on its se)19(v)1(-)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.06 Tw [(enth mission and man)20(y other inter)-39(national actor)-20(s)1(,)]TJ T* 0.016 Tc 0.053 Tw [(including the United States,)-347(France)29(,)-347(Canada,)-348(and)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.191 Tw [(the O)39(A)1(S)40(,)-487(ha)30(v)40(e left without m)14(u)1(c)1(h)1( )1(s)1(u)1(c)1(c)1(e)1(s)1(s)1(.)-408(T)1(h)1(e)]TJ T* 0.295 Tw [(image of the inter)-39(national comm)15(unity and of)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.239 Tw [(MINUST)74(AH has not impr)29(o)39(v)39(e)-1(d)-1( )-1(i)-1(n)-1( )-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)-1( )-1(e)19(y)38(es of)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(Haitians due to the small n)15(umber of lasting r)20(esults.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.032 Tw (Le Che)Tj 2.96738 0 TD (v)Tj 0.44922 0 TD [(allier identified thr)20(ee sim)14(ultaneous tran-)]TJ -4.56174 -1.28572 TD 0.009 Tc 0.061 Tw (sitions taking place in Haiti\321fr)Tj 12.88492 0 TD [(om ar)-44(med conflict)]TJ -12.88492 -1.28572 TD 0 Tc 0.021 Tw (to r)Tj 1.42503 0 TD [(econciliation and peace)29(,)-298(fr)29(om a non-democratic)]TJ -1.42503 -1.28572 TD 0.016 Tc 0.053 Tw [(cultur)20(e to a democratic society)117(,)-347(and fr)29(om a f)-24(ailed)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.09 Tw [(state to a nation- state)30(.)-309(T)99(r)-29(ying to addr)20(ess one of)]TJ T* 0.082 Tw [(these transitions while ignor)-44(ing the other tw)39(o)1( )1(i)1(s)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.022 Tw [(what explains the past f)-24(a)-1(i)1(l)-1(u)1(r)19(es of inter)-39(national assis-)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(tance)29(,)-277(he argued.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.015 Tc 0.071 Tw [(W)15(ith r)20(egar)19(d to the political transfor)-44(mations in)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.067 Tw [(Haiti,)-359(Le Che)19(v)30(allier argued the k)30(e)20(y pla)29(y)40(er in this)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.024 Tw [(pr)29(ocess is Pr)20(esident Pr\216v)29(al.)-247(F)20(or the fir)-20(st time)30(,)-297(a pop-)]TJ T* 0.016 Tw [(ular pr)20(esident w)29(as r)20(e-elected.)-211(The six major political)]TJ T* -0.026 Tw [(par)-25(ties par)-24(ticipated and ag)-29(r)20(eed to a one-y)39(ear political)]TJ T* -0.009 Tw [(tr)-25(uce)30(.)-215(Ho)39(w)40(e)19(v)40(er)39(,)-264(he said,)-264(Pr)19(esident Pr\216v)30(al\325)98(s health is a)]TJ T* -0.014 Tw [(matter of concer)-39(n.)-210(Ev)39(en though Pr)19(esident Pr\216v)30(al has)]TJ T* -0.033 Tw [(infor)-44(med the nation that his cancer has not r)20(etur)-39(ned,)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.082 Tw [(the psycholo)20(g)-29(ical implications of the f)-25(act that he)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc -0.016 Tw [(ma)30(y be ill ar)19(e extr)20(emely impor)-25(tant.)-207(Pr)-44(i)20(v)29(ate in)40(v)39(estor)-20(s,)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.07 Tw [(as w)39(ell as Haitian politicians who ar)20(e thinking of)]TJ T* 0.005 Tc 0.059 Tw [(r)20(eplacing the Pr)20(esident,)-343(might not necessar)-44(ily w)29(ait)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc -0.021 Tw [(for the end of this ter)-44(m,)-252(he said.)-203(He added,)-252(ho)39(w)40(e)19(v)40(er)39(,)]TJ 22.19048 61.71428 TD -0.032 Tw [(that ther)20(e ar)19(e no ob)40(vious choices for a successor)39(.)-163(The)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD -0.001 Tc 0.065 Tw [(contin)15(uity of the transition pr)29(ocess will become an)]TJ -0.005 Tc (i)' 0.25496 -0.00001 TD 0 Tw [(ssue as his ter)-44(m appr)29(oaches its end.)]TJ 0.89018 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.279 Tw [(The political transfor)-44(mation underw)30(a)29(y f)-24(a)1(c)1(e)1(s)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.01 Tc 0.059 Tw [(thr)20(ee mor)19(e challenges:)-249(the inefficiency of go)39(v)39(er)-39(n-)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.002 Tw [(ment itself)-29(,)-280(the b)15(ur)20(den and cost of holding fr)19(equent)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.066 Tw [(e)1(l)1(e)1(c)1(t)1(i)1(o)1(n)1(s)1(,)-363(and the lack of str)30(ong political par)-25(t)1(i)1(e)1(s)1(.)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.032 Tw [(State institutions ar)20(e w)39(eak,)-310(slo)39(w)118(,)-310(often cor)-39(r)-24(upt,)-310(and)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.065 Tw [(complex,)-363(y)40(e)1(t)1( )1(a)1( )1(s)1(t)1(r)30(ong state is needed in or)20(der to)]TJ T* 0.012 Tc 0.058 Tw [(addr)20(e)1(s)1(s)1( )1(e)1(x)1(t)1(r)20(eme po)40(v)40(e)1(r)-24(ty and maintain stability)118(,)-347(he)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.184 Tw [(s)1(a)1(i)1(d)1(.)-402(T)1(h)1(e)1(r)21(e)1( )1(a)1(r)20(e man)20(y le)20(v)40(els of author)-44(ity in the)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.057 Tw [(Haitian go)39(v)40(er)-40(nment,)-335(he noted,)-335(and Haiti has mor)20(e)]TJ T* 0.009 Tc 0.06 Tw [(elected officials than P)49(er)-25(u,)-347(a m)15(uch r)-45(icher count)1(r)-30(y)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.054 Tw [(with mor)20(e than doub)14(le the population.)-298(Although)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.015 Tw [(the electoral cycle just ended,)-293(it will r)20(estar)-25(t again in)]TJ T* 0.063 Tw [(No)39(v)40(ember 2007 with senator)-44(ial elections to r)19(ene)20(w)]TJ T* -0.025 Tw [(one-thir)20(d of the Senate)29(.)-174(This in)40(v)39(olv)39(es in)39(v)40(esting $30-)]TJ T* -0.041 Tw [($32 million in or)20(der to elect ten senator)-20(s dur)-44(ing tw)39(o)]TJ T* 0.028 Tw [(electoral r)29(ounds in No)40(v)39(ember)39(.)-256(Appr)29(o)39(ximately $105)]TJ T* 0.023 Tw [(million will be needed to finance se)20(v)39(en elections in)]TJ T* 0.018 Tc 0.052 Tw [(the next four y)39(e)1(a)1(r)-18(s)1(.)-269(T)1(h)1(e)1( )1(s)1(t)1(r)-23(u)1(c)1(t)1(u)1(r)21(e of the go)39(v)40(e)1(r)-38(n-)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.079 Tw [(ment and political pr)30(o)1(c)1(e)1(s)1(s)1(e)1(s)1( )1(a)1(r)20(e)1( )1(w)1(r)-43(itten into the)]TJ T* 0.007 Tc 0.063 Tw [(Constitution,)-347(h)1(e)1( )1(s)1(a)1(i)1(d)1(,)-347(and the existing mechanism)]TJ T* 0.014 Tc 0.056 Tw [(for constitutional r)20(efor)-44(m tak)29(e)1(s)1( )1(f)1(i)21(v)40(e y)39(ear)-20(s)1(.)-298(P)50(olitical)]TJ T* 0.008 Tc 0.061 Tw [(par)-25(ty b)15(uilding is also needed to anchor the whole)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(political system and r)20(educe cor)-39(r)-25(uption,)-278(he argued.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD -0.005 Tc 0.056 Tw [(Le Che)20(v)29(allier under)-19(scor)19(ed the f)-24(act that Haiti has)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.011 Tc 0.053 Tw [(not r)20(eco)39(v)39(er)20(ed fr)29(om the economic embargo of the)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc -0.015 Tw (1990s and the go)Tj 6.5917 0 TD 0 Tc (v)Tj 0.43456 0 TD -0.005 Tc [(er)-39(nment lacks r)19(e)20(v)40(en)14(ues to adv)30(ance)]TJ -7.02626 -1.28572 TD 0.015 Tc 0.139 Tw (the de)Tj 2.67401 0 TD [(v)40(elopment agenda.)-383(Lo)1(cal)-1( )1(tax)39(es only par)-25(tly)]TJ -2.67401 -1.28572 TD -0.003 Tc 0 Tw (co)Tj 0.90229 0 TD 0.068 Tw [(v)40(er go)39(v)39(er)-39(nment salar)-44(ies,)-343(lea)30(ving the inter)-39(national)]TJ -0.90229 -1.28572 TD -0.005 Tc -0.028 Tw [(comm)15(unity to finance all in)39(v)40(estments.)-196(Mor)19(eo)40(v)39(er)39(,)-245(the)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.009 Tc 0.055 Tw [(cooperation frame)20(w)39(ork ag)-30(r)20(eed to b)24(y inter)-39(n)-1(a)-1(t)-1(i)-1(o)-1(n)-1(a)-1(l)]TJ T* -0.002 Tc 0.066 Tw [(donor)-20(s has not deli)20(v)40(er)19(ed all the r)20(esults expected b)24(y)]TJ T* -0.003 Tc 0.068 Tw [(the go)39(v)40(er)-39(nment.)-294(Donor)-19(s ar)19(e cr)-44(iticized for a lack of)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.017 Tw [(coor)20(dination and for being slo)39(w to disb)15(ur)-20(se pledges,)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.065 Tw [(b)15(ut the Haitian go)39(v)40(er)-40(nment\325)98(s absor)-39(pti)20(v)39(e capacity is)]TJ T* 0.064 Tw [(lo)39(w)118(.)-293(Ag)-30(r)20(eeing with Haitian Ambassador J)30(o)-1(seph,)-342(Le)]TJ T* 0.004 Tc 0.061 Tw [(C)1(h)1(e)21(v)30(allier stated that the inter)-40(national comm)15(unity)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc -0.037 Tw [(should help b)15(uild the capacity of the Haitian go)39(v)40(er)-40(n-)]TJ T* 0.006 Tw [(ment to spend the r)20(esour)19(ces that ha)30(v)39(e been pledged.)]TJ T* 0.017 Tw [(He noted that the UN countr)-29(y system has launched)]TJ (a)' 0.6726 0 Td 0.009 Tw [(transitional appeal for $98 million in or)20(der to con-)]TJ -0.6726 -1.28571 TD -0.023 Tw [(solidate and f)-24(acilitate the transfer of in)39(v)39(estment funds)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(o)39(v)40(er the shor)-25(t ter)-44(m.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.017 Tc 0.052 Tw [(T)128(ur)-40(ning to the transition to peace with which)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.005 Tc 0.064 Tw [(MINUST)74(AH is intimately in)39(v)39(olv)39(ed,)-347(Le 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ne)20(w United Nations)]TJ T* 0.018 Tc 0.051 Tw [(P)49(eaceb)14(uilding Commission is needed,)-347(he argued,)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.192 Tw [(w)1(h)1(i)1(c)1(h)1( )1(w)40(ould pla)30(y)1( )1(a)1( )1(r)30(ole similar to that of the)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.094 Tw [(Secur)-44(ity Council in peacek)29(e)-1(e)-1(p)-1(i)-1(n)-1(g)-1( )-1(o)-1(p)-1(e)-1(r)-1(a)-1(t)-1(i)-1(o)-1(n)-1(s)-1(.)-343(In)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.069 Tw [(countr)-44(ies lik)29(e Haiti,)-347(such a de)20(v)39(elopment operation)]TJ T* 0.034 Tw [(should star)-25(t functioning y)40(ear)-20(s befor)20(e the end of the)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(peacek)29(eeping operation,)-277(he added.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.007 Tc 0.062 Tw [(The last lesson,)-347(he said,)-348(is that all major actor)-19(s,)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.014 Tc 0.055 Tw [(including donor countr)-44(ies,)-347(ne)19(w donor)-19(s,)-348(r)20(ecipient)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.069 Tw [(countr)-44(ies,)-348(the United Nations,)-347(inter)-39(national finan-)]TJ T* 0.03 Tw [(cial institutions,)-308(humanitar)-44(ian agencies,)-307(etc)29(.,)-308(should)]TJ T* 0.04 Tw [(stop)-381(the b)15(lame-shifting game)30(.)-239(The tr)-25(uth,)-318(he said,)-318(is)]TJ 22.19048 61.71428 TD 0.055 Tw [(that all actor)-20(s ha)30(v)39(e been accomplices in de)20(v)40(eloping)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.277 Tw [(t)1(h)1(e)1( )1(c)1(u)1(r)-38(r)20(ent system for de)20(v)40(elopment assistance)29(.)]TJ 0.0111 Tc (U)' 0.80312 -0.00001 TD 0.011 Tc 0.058 Tw [(nfor)-24(tunately)117(,)-347(he noted,)-347(ther)19(e is little cor)-39(r)20(elation)]TJ -0.80312 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.144 Tw [(betw)39(e)1(e)1(n)1( )1(r)21(e)1(c)1(e)1(i)21(v)1(i)1(n)1(g)1( )1(d)1(e)20(v)40(elopment aid and making)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.062 Tw [(pr)29(o)20(g)-29(r)20(ess to)39(w)30(ar)19(ds de)20(v)39(elopment.)-291(Nobody has figur)20(ed)]TJ T* 0.044 Tw [(out ho)39(w to pr)30(omote de)19(v)40(elopment in an)20(y par)-25(ticular)]TJ T* -0.036 Tw [(case)29(,)-242(he said,)-242(because de)20(v)39(elopment is a complex cul-)]TJ T* 0.044 Tw [(tural and social pr)29(ocess.)-273(He concluded that the fir)-19(st)]TJ T* -0.038 Tw [(step is to cr)20(eate some political and institutional space)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(wher)20(e all actor)-20(s can talk,)-278(w)39(ork,)-278(and lear)-39(n to)20(gether)39(.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.051 Tw [(I)1(n)1( )1(s)1(h)1(o)1(r)-24(t)1(,)-347(the ten lessons on peaceb)15(uilding and)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw [(de)20(v)39(elopment cooperation ar)20(e:)]TJ 0 -2.57142 TD [(1\) )-645(Be guided b)25(y national leader)-20(ship)59(,)-278(not \322national)]TJ 1.71429 -1.28571 TD [(o)39(wner)-19(ship;\323)]TJ -1.71429 -1.28571 TD [(2\) )-645(Cooperation m)15(ust be demand-dr)-44(i)20(v)39(en,)-278(no)1(t sup)-1(-)]TJ 1.71429 -1.28571 TD [(ply-dr)-44(i)20(v)40(en;)]TJ -1.71429 -1.28571 TD [(3\) )-645(Br)-44(ing concr)19(ete benefits;)]TJ T* [(4\) )-645(Think on a national scale)30(,)-278(not pilot scale;)]TJ T* [(5\) )-645(Do no har)-44(m \(don\325)74(t plunder the human)]TJ 1.71429 -1.28571 TD [(r)20(esour)20(ces of the countr)-30(y nor destr)30(o)39(y the food-)]TJ T* [(pr)29(oduction capacity of the countr)-29(y y)39(ou ar)20(e)]TJ T* [(tr)-30(ying to help\);)]TJ -1.71429 -1.28571 TD [(6\) )-645(Str)-44(i)20(v)40(e to become mor)19(e effecti)20(v)40(e)29(,)-278(not mor)20(e effi-)]TJ 1.71429 -1.28571 TD (cient;)Tj -1.71429 -1.28571 TD [(7\) )-645(Lack of absor)-39(pti)20(v)39(e capacity\323)-180(is a f)-24(alse pr)29(ob)15(lem;)]TJ T* [(8\) )-645(Engage the Br)20(etton )29(W)128(oods institutions and)]TJ 1.71429 -1.28571 TD [(r)20(eg)-29(ional de)19(v)40(elopment banks;)]TJ -1.71429 -1.28571 TD (9\) )Tj 1.71429 0 TD (Lear)Tj 1.75757 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (n)Tj 0.79887 0 Td 0 Tc [(to ex)39(ecute de)20(v)40(elopment operations lik)29(e)]TJ -2.55644 -1.28572 TD (w)Tj 0.70069 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (e)Tj 0.71583 0 Td 0 Tc [(lear)-39(ned to ex)39(ecute peacek)30(eeping opera-)]TJ -1.41651 -1.28572 TD (tions;)Tj 2.33496 0 TD (and)Tj -4.04925 -1.28572 TD [(10\) )-155(Stop the b)15(lame-shifting game and cr)20(eate some)]TJ 1.71429 -1.28571 TD [(political and institutional space wher)20(e all actor)-20(s)]TJ T* [(can talk,)-278(w)39(ork,)-278(and lear)-39(n to)20(gether)39(.)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 324 243.9351 Tm /CS0 cs 1 scn 0.012 Tc -0.031 Tw [(Caroline Anstey)111(,)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 441.369 243.9351 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.058 Tw [(The W)128(orld )-29(Bank,)-249(high-)]TJ -11.178 -1.28571 TD 0.017 Tw [(lighted Haiti\325)98(s significant pr)29(o)20(g)-29(r)20(ess on the democrat-)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.105 Tw [(i)1(c)1( )1(a)1(n)1(d)1( )1(e)1(c)1(o)1(n)1(o)1(m)1(i)1(c)1( )1(g)1(o)40(v)40(e)1(r)-38(nance fr)29(onts o)40(v)40(er the last)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.067 Tw [(thr)20(e)-1(e)-1( y)38(ear)-20(s.)-314(I)-1(n)-1( a)-1(d)-1(d)-1(i)-1(t)-1(i)-1(o)-1(n)-1( t)-1(o)-1( h)-1(a)28(ving )1(held )1(successful)]TJ T* 0.001 Tc 0.069 Tw [(elections at the national and local le)20(v)40(els,)-348(economic)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.064 Tw [(management has also g)-29(r)20(eatly impr)30(o)39(v)40(e)1(d)1(.)-312(H)1(a)1(i)1(t)1(i)1( )1(h)1(a)1(s)]TJ T* 0.017 Tc 0.052 Tw [(qualified for the Hea)30(vily-Indebted P)49(oor Countr)-30(y)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.012 Tw [((HIPC) debt r)20(elief pr)29(o)20(g)-29(ram and is on track to qual)-1(-)]TJ T* -0.02 Tw [(ify for m)15(ultilateral debt r)20(elief thr)29(ough a G7 initiati)20(v)39(e)]TJ T* 0.038 Tw [(that will br)-44(ing half a billion dollar)-20(s of debt r)20(elief to)]TJ T* 0.008 Tw [(the countr)-29(y)117(.)-237(Haiti has also pr)30(oduced its fir)-20(st Inter)-44(im)]TJ T* 0.067 Tw [(Cooperation Frame)20(w)39(ork\321a coor)20(dinated,)-345(national-)]TJ T* 0.015 Tw [(ly-o)39(wned frame)20(w)39(ork\321and has pr)20(epar)20(ed an Inter)-44(im)]TJ ET Q endstream endobj 21 0 obj << /Length 10649 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 792 0 0 re f q /GS1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 567 543.4999 23 13.5 re f Q /GS1 gs q BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 574.0615 548.7808 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (13)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 216.0445 763.4465 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 Tc (G)Tj 0.96183 0.00001 TD 0 Tc 0.037 Tw [(O)30(VERNANCE AND SECURITY IN HAITI)]TJ ET /GS2 gs q 106.5557 0 0 86.15651 504.864 -0.2155 cm /CS0 cs 0.1 scn /Im2 Do Q /GS1 gs 8 w /CS0 CS 0.3 SCN -621 756 m 621 756 l S Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 73 541.3884 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.049 Tw [(P)49(o)39(v)40(er)-25(ty Reduction Strategy)118(.)-278(Haiti has submitted its)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.32 Tw [(b)15(udget on time o)40(v)40(er the past tw)39(o y)39(e)1(a)1(r)-19(s)1(,)-616(h)1(a)1(s)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.054 Tw [(incr)20(eased the transpar)19(ency of and par)-24(ticipation in)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.048 Tw [(the b)15(udget pr)29(ocess,)-326(and has r)20(educed the amount of)]TJ T* -0.001 Tw [(discr)20(etionar)-30(y accounts fr)30(om about 60 per)19(cent of the)]TJ T* 0.029 Tw [(b)15(udget to less than 10 per)20(cent.)-258(Fur)-25(ther)-44(mor)20(e)29(,)-306(a ci)19(vil)]TJ T* 0.01 Tc 0.06 Tw [(s)1(o)1(c)1(i)1(e)1(t)1(y)1( )1(m)1(o)1(n)1(i)1(t)1(o)1(r)-43(ing mechanism has been set up to)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.194 Tw [(track economic go)39(v)40(e)1(r)-38(n)1(a)1(n)1(c)1(e)1( )1(r)21(efor)-44(m)1(s)1(,)-491(something)]TJ T* 0.304 Tw [(be)20(y)39(ond what man)20(y other go)40(v)39(e)1(r)-38(nments in the)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.06 Tw [(Car)-44(ibbean ha)29(v)40(e achie)20(v)39(ed.)-289(Haiti has also intr)30(oduced)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.4 Tw [(p)1(r)30(o)1(c)1(u)1(r)21(ement r)20(efor)-44(m)1(,)-697(has conducted pub)14(l)1(i)1(c)1(l)1(y)1(-)]TJ T* 0.009 Tc 0.061 Tw [(r)20(eleased audits of the fi)20(v)40(e main pub)15(l)1(i)1(c)1( )1(e)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)-38(p)1(r)-43(i)1(s)1(e)1(s)1(,)]TJ T* 0.007 Tc 0.062 Tw [(and has ag)-29(r)19(eed to implement ann)15(ual asset declara-)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(tions b)25(y pub)14(lic officials.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD -0.003 Tc (In)Tj 1.18078 0 Td 0.058 Tw [(addition to these management impr)29(o)40(v)39(ements,)]TJ -2.32593 -1.28571 TD -0.006 Tc 0.06 Tw [(she said that economic perfor)-44(mance has also sho)39(wn)]TJ T* -0.015 Tc 0.056 Tw [(signs of pr)29(o)20(g)-30(r)20(ess.)-270(In 2004,)-320(g)-29(r)29(o)39(wth w)30(as appr)29(o)39(ximately)]TJ T* -0.017 Tw [(negati)20(v)39(e 3.5 per)20(cent.)-197(In 2005 it w)29(as a positi)20(v)39(e 1.5 per-)]TJ T* 0 Tw (cent.)Tj 2.10304 0.00001 TD 0.025 Tw (In 2006,)Tj 3.5468 0.00001 TD [(she pr)20(edicted,)-289(g)-29(r)29(o)39(wth will pr)30(obab)15(ly be)]TJ -5.64984 -1.28573 TD 0 Tw (ar)Tj 0.66982 0.00001 TD 0.025 Tw (ound 2.5 per)Tj 4.98303 0.00001 TD [(cent.)-239(Inflation is do)39(wn and the macr)30(o)-1(-)]TJ -5.65285 -1.28572 TD -0.002 Tw [(economic indicator)-20(s ar)20(e stab)15(le)29(.)-212(In addition,)-261(Haiti no)39(w)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD -0.014 Tc 0.069 Tw [(has a po)39(v)40(er)-25(ty r)20(eduction and g)-30(r)30(o)39(wth f)-24(acility fr)29(om the)]TJ T* -0.015 Tc -0.009 Tw [(IMF)176(.)-175(These impr)29(o)39(v)39(ements send an impor)-24(tant signal to)]TJ T* 0.005 Tc 0.115 Tw [(the inter)-39(national comm)15(unity and ar)19(e considerab)15(le)]TJ T* 0.226 Tw [(feats for a go)39(v)40(er)-39(nment with such o)39(v)39(erwhelming)]TJ T* -0.015 Tc 0 Tw [(capacity constraints,)-263(Anste)20(y argued.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.019 Tc 0.224 Tw [(Despite this pr)29(o)20(g)-30(r)19(ess,)-521(t)-1(h)-1(e)-1(r)19(e is still r)29(o)-1(o)-1(m)-1( )-1(f)-1(o)-1(r)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.167 Tw [(i)1(m)1(p)1(r)30(o)40(v)40(ement,)-465(A)1(n)1(s)1(t)1(e)21(y argued.)-416(A)1(t)1( )1(a)1(n)1( )1(A)1(p)1(r)-43(il 2004)]TJ T* 0.013 Tc 0.057 Tw [(w)40(orkshop in P)48(or)-24(t-au-Pr)-44(ince follo)39(wing the depar-)]TJ T* 0.012 Tc 0.058 Tw [(tur)20(e of A)1(r)-44(istide)30(,)-347(a n)15(umber of donor organizations)]TJ T* 0.015 Tc 0.054 Tw [(and Haitian r)20(epr)19(esentati)20(v)39(es pledged to lear)-39(n fr)30(om)]TJ T* 0.004 Tc 0.066 Tw [(the past exper)-44(ience of donor in)39(v)40(o)1(l)1(v)40(ement in Haiti)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.029 Tw [(and impr)29(o)40(v)39(e the aid pr)30(ocess,)-307(she said.)-257(At this meet)-1(-)]TJ T* -0.019 Tw [(ing,)-259(donor)-20(s ag)-29(r)20(eed that ther)19(e had been f)-24(ar too man)20(y)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.082 Tw [(\322feel-good pr)30(ojects draped in national flags\323)-282(and)]TJ 22.19048 61.67111 TD 0.006 Tc 0.064 Tw [(committed to better coor)20(dinate pr)29(ojects and mak)30(e)]TJ 0 -1.28571 TD 0.011 Tc 0.059 Tw [(sur)20(e such pr)29(ojects w)39(er)20(e car)-40(r)-43(ied out under Haitian)]TJ 0.0195 Tc (l)' 0.25955 -0.00001 TD 0.02 Tc 0.126 Tw [(eader)-20(s)1(h)1(i)1(p)60(.)-373(D)1(o)1(n)1(o)1(r)-19(s also committed to engage in)]TJ -0.25955 -1.28571 TD 0.204 Tw [(H)1(a)1(i)1(t)1(i)1( )1(o)40(v)40(er the long r)-24(u)1(n)1(,)-501(and to channel funds)]TJ T* 0.151 Tw [(d)1(i)1(r)21(ectly thr)29(ough the Haitian b)15(udget rather than)]TJ T* 0.078 Tw [(t)1(h)1(r)30(ough NGOs.)-326(On the Haitian side)29(,)-375(author)-44(i)1(t)1(i)1(e)1(s)]TJ T* 0.117 Tw [(committed to put in place coor)20(dination mecha-)]TJ T* 0.421 Tw [(n)1(i)1(s)1(m)1(s)1(,)-718(maintain sound economic go)40(v)40(e)1(r)-39(nance)30(,)]TJ T* 0.019 Tc 0.069 Tw [(a)-1(d)-1(d)-1(r)19(ess issues of fraud and cor)-39(r)-25(u)-1(p)-1(t)-1(i)-1(o)-1(n)-1(,)-368(a)-1(n)-1(d)-1( )-1(w)39(ork)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(with donor)-20(s as a united g)-29(r)30(oup)59(,)-278(she said.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.001 Tc 0.068 Tw [(While a coor)20(dinated de)19(v)39(elopment strategy\321the)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.02 Tc 0.141 Tw [(I)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)-43(im Cooperation Frame)20(w)39(ork\321has been put)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.031 Tw [(into place and donor)-20(s ha)30(v)39(e committed to suppor)-24(t a)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.129 Tw [(Haitian-led strategy)118(,)-426(donor)-20(s still do not channel)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.023 Tw [(enough mone)20(y thr)29(ough the Haitian b)15(udget,)-301(Anste)20(y)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.086 Tw [(a)1(s)1(s)1(e)1(r)-24(ted.)-334(H)1(a)1(i)1(t)1(i)199(s)1( )1(b)15(udget for a population of eight)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.02 Tw [(million people is r)29(oughly the same size as the oper-)]TJ T* 0.01 Tw [(ating b)15(udget of a medium-sized U)78(.S)39(.)-238(uni)20(v)39(er)-19(sity)117(,)-287(and)]TJ T* -0.014 Tw [(smaller than the operating b)15(udget of the humanitar-)]TJ T* 0.004 Tc 0.065 Tw [(ian organization,)-347(C)10(ARE.)-269(T)152(o fur)-24(ther pr)29(omote eco-)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.093 Tw [(n)1(o)1(m)1(i)1(c)1( )1(g)-28(r)30(o)40(wth in the countr)-30(y)118(,)-389(the b)15(udget has to)]TJ T* 0.011 Tc 0.058 Tw [(expand,)-347(she argued.)-299(Donor)-19(s often cite Haiti\325)98(s lo)39(w)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.755 Tw [(ranking on the )29(T)99(r)1(a)1(n)1(s)1(p)1(a)1(r)21(e)1(n)1(c)1(y)1( )1(I)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)-38(national)]TJ T* 0.07 Tw [(C)1(o)1(r)-38(r)-24(uption P)49(e)1(r)21(c)1(e)1(p)1(t)1(i)1(o)1(n)1( )1(In)2(de)1(x)2( a)1(s)2( a)1( )1(r)21(eason for not)]TJ T* 0.014 Tc 0.056 Tw [(channeling r)20(e)1(s)1(o)1(u)1(r)20(c)1(e)1(s)1( )1(t)1(h)1(r)31(ough the Haitian b)15(udget.)]TJ T* 0.001 Tc 0.069 Tw [(But without bolster)-44(ing Haitian institutions,)-347(Anste)19(y)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.262 Tw [(emphasized,)-560(the viability of the state will not)]TJ T* 0.076 Tw [(i)1(m)1(p)1(r)30(o)40(v)40(e)30(.)-324(Indeed,)-374(s)1(h)1(e)1( s)1(a)1(i)1(d)1(,)-373(donor)-20(s)1( a)1(r)21(e )-1(themselv)39(e)1(s)]TJ T* 0 Tw (culpab)Tj 2.68643 0 TD 0.135 Tw (le of contr)Tj 4.64777 0 TD [(i)1(b)16(uting to the w)39(eakness of the)]TJ -7.3342 -1.28572 TD 0 Tc 0.045 Tw (Haitian state b)Tj 5.75772 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (y)Tj 0.79183 0 Td 0 Tc [(r)20(efusing to w)39(ork thr)29(ough the state)30(,)]TJ -6.54955 -1.28572 TD (b)Tj 0.49493 0 TD 0.0195 Tc (y)Tj 0.91551 0 Td 0.02 Tc 0.129 Tw [(setting up parallel organizations,)-427(and,)-427(all too)]TJ -1.41044 -1.28572 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw [(often,)-278(b)25(y pulling out their r)19(esour)20(ces.)]TJ 1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.042 Tw [(In the futur)20(e)29(,)-319(she argued,)-320(it is impor)-25(tant to raise)]TJ -1.14514 -1.28571 TD 0.011 Tc 0.058 Tw [(the confidence of donor)-20(s about ho)40(w their mone)19(y)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.037 Tw [(will be used so the)20(y ar)19(e mor)20(e willing to send funds)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.061 Tw [(d)1(i)1(r)21(ectly thr)29(ough the Haitian b)15(udget.)-280(T)1(h)1(i)1(s)1( )1(c)1(a)1(n)1( )1(b)1(e)]TJ T* 0.013 Tc 0.057 Tw [(a)1(c)1(h)1(i)1(e)21(v)40(ed b)24(y obtaining a str)30(ong commitment fr)29(om)]TJ T* [(the Haitian go)39(v)40(e)1(r)-38(nment to deepen its pr)29(o)20(g)-29(ram of)]TJ T* 0.02 Tc 0.414 Tw [(economic go)39(v)40(e)1(r)-38(n)1(a)1(n)1(c)1(e)1( )1(r)21(efor)-44(m)1(.)-632(T)153(o)1( )1(r)20(educe the)]TJ T* 0.014 Tc 0.055 Tw [(administrati)20(v)39(e b)15(ur)20(den on the state)29(,)-347(donor)-20(s should)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.044 Tw [(consider pooling r)20(esour)19(ces into a m)15(ulti-donor tr)-24(ust)]TJ T* 0.015 Tw [(fund,)-293(which w)39(ould disb)15(ur)-20(se funds accor)20(ding to one)]TJ T* 0.047 Tw [(set of r)20(equir)19(ements,)-325(one set of conditionalities,)-325(and)]TJ T* 0.068 Tw [(one r)20(epor)-25(ting mechanism.)-268(This has been 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