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Despite the ongoing crisis in Venezuela, Nicol谩s Maduro has managed to maintain his hold on the government. How has his authoritarian regime managed to survive economic collapse, punishing sanctions from the United States, and international pressure for regime change? The answer: Venezuela鈥檚 international allies.
In this Kennan Xplainer, 浪花直播 Center multimedia specialist Jude Schroder outlines Venezuela鈥檚 relationship with Russia 鈥 one of its strongest allies.
Sources and Special Thanks:
This video is based off of the work of former George F. Kennan Fellow Vladimir Rouvinski.
To learn more about the international allies of Nicol谩s Maduro鈥檚 authoritarian government, check out Venezuela鈥檚 Authoritarian Allies: The Ties That Bind?, a new book published by the 浪花直播 Center鈥檚 Latin American Program.
Bibliography:
- Arnson, Cynthia J. Venezuela鈥檚 Authoritarian Allies: The Ties that Bind?, 4-21. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow 浪花直播 International Center for Scholars, 2021.
- Lowenthal, Abraham, and David Smilde. 鈥淰enezuela: Is There a Way out of Its Tragic Impasse?鈥 Latin America Program, 浪花直播. July 9, 2019.
- Rouvinski, Vladimir. 鈥淰enezuela: Russia鈥檚 Gordian Knot in Latin America.鈥 In Venezuela鈥檚 Authoritarian Allies: The Ties that Bind?, edited by Cynthia J. Arnson, 22-57. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow 浪花直播 International Center for Scholars, 2021.
- Specia, Megan. 鈥淲hat Is Happening in Venezuela and Why It Matters.鈥 New York Times (Online), New York: New York Times Company. Apr 30, 2019.
- Universidad Cat贸lica Andr茅s Bello, Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida (ENCOVI) 2019鈥2020,鈥 July 2020.
Image Credits (in order of appearance):
- 鈥淛uan Guaid贸 2019 portrait,鈥 Equipo del diputado de la Asamblea Nacional, Leo Alvarez, CC BY-SA 4.0.
- 鈥淣icol谩s Maduro (2019-10-25) 01,鈥 Presidential Press and Information Office, www.kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0.
- 鈥淰ladimir Putin with Hugo Chavez 26 November 2004-4,鈥 Presidential Press and Information Office, www.kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0.
- 鈥淰ladimir Putin with Hugo Chavez 26 November 2004-3,鈥 Presidential Press and Information Office, www.kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0.
- 鈥淩ussian anthem at Victory Day Parade 2010,鈥 Presidential Press and Information Office, www.kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0.
- 鈥淰ladimir Putin 14 May 2001-3,鈥 Presidential Press and Information Office, www.kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0.
- 鈥淰ladimir Putin 14 May 2001-5,鈥 Presidential Press and Information Office, www.kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0.
- 鈥淰ladimir Putin rally in Sevastopol 2018-03-14 (08),鈥 Presidential Press and Information Office, www.kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0.
- 鈥淰ladimir Putin in Venezuela April 2010-46,鈥 premier.gov.ru, CC BY 4.0.
- 鈥淐aracas city, Venezuela capital CC BY-SA 4.0,鈥 Wilfredo Rodr铆guez, CC BY-SA 4.0.
- 鈥淐aracas Sunset,鈥 Sonia, Flickr.com, CC BY-SA 2.0.
- 鈥淕DP, current prices (Billions of U.S. dollars),鈥 IMF DataMapper, October 2021.
- 鈥淣icol谩s Maduro 2019 Inauguration鈥 Presidencia El Salvador, CC0 1.0.
- 鈥淛uan Guaid贸 2019 portrait,鈥 Equipo del diputado de la Asamblea Nacional, Leo Alvarez, CC BY-SA 4.0.
- 鈥淰ladimir Putin and Nicol谩s Maduro (2019-10-25) 04,鈥 Presidential Press and Information Office, www.kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0.
- 鈥淒zerzhinsky troops of the National Guard at the dress rehearsal of the parade on Red Square in honor of the Victory Day.鈥 Free Wind 2014/Shutterstock.com.
- 鈥淧ress briefing by Ambassador Vasily Nebenzia,鈥 lev radin/Shutterstock.com.
- 鈥淩osneft oil company logo on the building in Moscow,鈥 Kapustin Igor/Shutterstock.com.
- 鈥淓ulogio Antonio Del Pino Diaz, People's Minister for Petroleum and Mines of the Republic of Venezuela, 2016 St. Petersburg International Economic Forum,鈥 ID1974/Shutterstock.com, Igor Dolgov, Moscow.
- 鈥淐aracas, Venezuela; 04 30 2019: Military and civil uprising against Nicol谩s Maduro,鈥 Andres G/Shutterstock.com.
- 鈥淪-125 Pechora-2M VEN,鈥 Xavier Granja Cede帽o, Cancilleria Ecuador, CC BY-SA 2.0.
- 鈥淭wo young Caucasian men work as loaders at an old factory,鈥 fotoliza/Shutterstock.com.
- 鈥淩espirators before packing in boxes,鈥 BigGarry/Shutterstock.com.
- 鈥淕am-COVID-Vac 01,鈥 Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, www.mil.ru, CC BY 4.0.
- 鈥淰ladimir Putin & Nicol谩s Maduro in Tehran, 24 November 2015鈥 Presidential Press and Information Office, www.kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0.
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